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In this paper, we introduce a new approach to proving the convergence of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) and the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms. The new approach is based on a concept called GSLLN (Generalized Strong Law of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar , Bhamidi Visweswara Rao , Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

In this work, we propose low-complexity adaptive biased estimation algorithms, called group-based shrinkage estimators (GSEs), for parameter estimation and interference suppression scenarios with mechanisms to automatically adjust the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Sheng Li , Rodrigo C. de Lamare , Martin Haardt

In this contribution, we present a full overview of the continuous stochastic gradient (CSG) method, including convergence results, step size rules and algorithmic insights. We consider optimization problems in which the objective function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Max Grieshammer , Lukas Pflug , Michael Stingl , Andrian Uihlein

We address the problem of training models with black-box and hard-to-optimize metrics by expressing the metric as a monotonic function of a small number of easy-to-optimize surrogates. We pose the training problem as an optimization over a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Qijia Jiang , Olaoluwa Adigun , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Mahdi Milani Fard , Maya Gupta

Self-play fine-tuning has demonstrated promising abilities in adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks with limited real-world data. The basic principle is to iteratively refine the model with real samples and synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yibo Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the workhorse algorithm of deep learning technology. At each step of the training phase, a mini batch of samples is drawn from the training dataset and the weights of the neural network are adjusted…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-09-07 Francesca Mignacco , Pierfrancesco Urbani

The score function estimator is widely used for estimating gradients of stochastic objectives in stochastic computation graphs (SCG), eg, in reinforcement learning and meta-learning. While deriving the first-order gradient estimators by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Jakob Foerster , Gregory Farquhar , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Tim Rocktäschel , Eric P. Xing , Shimon Whiteson

Respiratory sound classification is hindered by the limited size, high noise levels, and severe class imbalance of benchmark datasets like ICBHI 2017. While Transformer-based models offer powerful feature extraction capabilities, they are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Atakan Işık , Selin Vulga Işık , Ahmet Feridun Işık , Mahşuk Taylan

Under mild assumptions stochastic gradient methods asymptotically achieve an optimal rate of convergence if the arithmetic mean of all iterates is returned as an approximate optimal solution. However, in the absence of stochastic noise, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Melinda Hagedorn , Florian Jarre

We study large deviation upper bounds and mean-squared error (MSE) guarantees of a general framework of nonlinear stochastic gradient methods in the online setting, in the presence of heavy-tailed noise. Unlike existing works that rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Aleksandar Armacki , Shuhua Yu , Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a commonly used feature attribution method for deep neural networks. While IG has many desirable properties, the method often produces spurious/noisy pixel attributions in regions that are not related to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Andrei Kapishnikov , Subhashini Venugopalan , Besim Avci , Ben Wedin , Michael Terry , Tolga Bolukbasi

Computing the gradient of a function provides fundamental information about its behavior. This information is essential for several applications and algorithms across various fields. One common application that require gradients are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Esmail Abdul Fattah , Janet Van Niekerk , Haavard Rue

Tuning complex machine learning systems is challenging. Machine learning typically requires to set hyperparameters, be it regularization, architecture, or optimization parameters, whose tuning is critical to achieve good predictive…

Adam is one of the most popular optimization algorithms in deep learning. However, it is known that Adam does not converge in theory unless choosing a hyperparameter, i.e., $\beta_2$, in a problem-dependent manner. There have been many…

Although input-gradients techniques have evolved to mitigate and tackle the challenges associated with gradients, modern gradient-weighted CAM approaches still rely on vanilla gradients, which are inherently susceptible to the saturation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Vincenzo Buono , Peyman Sheikholharam Mashhadi , Mahmoud Rahat , Prayag Tiwari , Stefan Byttner

This paper considers sequential adaptive estimation of sparse signals under a constraint on the total sensing effort. The advantage of adaptivity in this context is the ability to focus more resources on regions of space where signal…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-04-03 Dennis Wei , Alfred O. Hero

Algorithms for bandit convex optimization and online learning often rely on constructing noisy gradient estimates, which are then used in appropriately adjusted first-order algorithms, replacing actual gradients. Depending on the properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xiaowei Hu , Prashanth L. A. , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

We deal with the problem of gradient estimation for stochastic differentiable relaxations of algorithms, operators, simulators, and other non-differentiable functions. Stochastic smoothing conventionally perturbs the input of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Felix Petersen , Christian Borgelt , Aashwin Mishra , Stefano Ermon

The efficient estimation of an approximate model order is very important for real applications with multi-dimensional data if the observed low-rank data is corrupted by additive noise. In this paper, we present a novel robust method for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-21 Alexey A. Korobkov , Marina K. Diugurova , Jens Haueisen , Martin Haardt

There are many approaches for training decision trees. This work introduces a novel gradient-based method for constructing decision trees that optimize arbitrary differentiable loss functions, overcoming the limitations of heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin
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