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This paper investigates the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) using 50 newly constructed high-school-level word problems. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on answer correctness, we rigorously analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Johan Boye , Birger Moell

The recent advancements in Deep Learning models and techniques have led to significant strides in performance across diverse tasks and modalities. However, while the overall capabilities of models show promising growth, our understanding of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Erik Arakelyan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Mathematical reasoning---a core ability within human intelligence---presents some unique challenges as a domain: we do not come to understand and solve mathematical problems primarily on the back of experience and evidence, but on the basis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 David Saxton , Edward Grefenstette , Felix Hill , Pushmeet Kohli

Developing models and algorithms to predict nonstationary time series is a long standing statistical problem. It is crucial for many applications, in particular for fashion or retail industries, to make optimal inventory decisions and avoid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-12 Etienne David , Jean Bellot , Sylvain Le Corff

We present TuringQ, the first benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in the theory of computation. TuringQ consists of 4,006 undergraduate and graduate-level question-answer pairs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Hybrid-reasoning large language models (LLMs) expose explicit controls over reasoning effort, allowing users or systems to trade off answer quality against inference cost. However, existing methods for adaptive thinking-mode selection are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yansong Ning , Mianpeng Liu , Jingwen Ye , Weidong Zhang , Hao Liu

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has shifted time series analysis from narrow analytics to general-purpose reasoning. Yet, existing benchmarks cover only a small set of health time series modalities and tasks, failing to reflect the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sirui Li , Shuhan Xiao , Mihir Joshi , Ahmed Metwally , Daniel McDuff , Wei Wang , Yuzhe Yang

Insightful interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to the principled governance of technology. When such efforts address the interaction between computation and society, they often focus on modeling, the process by which computer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Samuel Judson , Joan Feigenbaum

A complete approach to reasoning under uncertainty requires support for incremental and interactive formulation and revision of, as well as reasoning with, models of the problem domain capable of representing our uncertainty. We present a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Bruce D'Ambrosio

Recent generations of language models have introduced Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that generate detailed thinking processes before providing answers. While these models demonstrate improved performance on reasoning benchmarks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Parshin Shojaee , Iman Mirzadeh , Keivan Alizadeh , Maxwell Horton , Samy Bengio , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Large language models (LLMs) can improve their accuracy on various tasks through iteratively refining and revising their output based on feedback. We observe that these revisions can introduce errors, in which case it is better to roll back…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Kumar Shridhar , Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Benjamin Van Durme , Jason Eisner , Patrick Xia

Purpose: Reasoning language models (RLMs) have demonstrated significant advances in solving complex reasoning tasks. We examined their potential to assess parental cooperation during CPS interventions using case reports, a case factor…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Dragan Stoll , Brian E. Perron , Zia Qi , Selina Steinmann , Nicole F. Eicher , Andreas Jud

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) is not only intriguing intellectually but also crucial for AI-driven discovery in science, engineering, and beyond. Extensive efforts on AI4Math have mirrored techniques in NLP, in particular, training large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Kaiyu Yang , Gabriel Poesia , Jingxuan He , Wenda Li , Kristin Lauter , Swarat Chaudhuri , Dawn Song

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities across numerous domains, social intelligence - the capacity to perceive social cues, infer mental states, and generate appropriate responses - remains a critical challenge,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jincenzi Wu , Yuxuan Lei , Jianxun Lian , Yitian Huang , Lexin Zhou , Haotian Li , Xing Xie , Helen Meng

Everyday we increasingly rely on machine learning models to automate and support high-stake tasks and decisions. This growing presence means that humans are now constantly interacting with machine learning-based systems, training and using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Clara Punzi , Roberto Pellungrini , Mattia Setzu , Fosca Giannotti , Dino Pedreschi

We propose a hierarchical framework for collaborative intelligent systems. This framework organizes research challenges based on the nature of the collaborative activity and the information that must be shared, with each level building on…

Multi-agent large language model frameworks are promising for complex multi step reasoning, yet existing systems remain weak for scientific and knowledge intensive domains due to static prompts and agent roles, rigid workflows, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yichao Feng , Haoran Luo , Zhenghong Lin , Yiqun Sun , Pengfei Wei , Lawrence B. Hsieh , Anh Tuan Luu

This survey examines the rapidly evolving field of Deep Research systems -- AI-powered applications that automate complex research workflows through the integration of large language models, advanced information retrieval, and autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Renjun Xu , Jingwen Peng