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Related papers: Speech Discrete Tokens or Continuous Features? A C…

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Traditionally, in paralinguistic analysis for emotion detection from speech, emotions have been identified with discrete or dimensional (continuous-valued) labels. Accordingly, models that have been proposed for emotion detection use one or…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Roshan Sharma , Hira Dhamyal , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh

Speech-to-speech large language models (SLLMs) are attracting increasing attention. Derived from text-based large language models (LLMs), SLLMs often exhibit degradation in knowledge and reasoning capabilities. We hypothesize that this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yuhao Zhang , Yuhao Du , Zhanchen Dai , Xiangnan Ma , Kaiqi Kou , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

Current speech large language models build upon discrete speech representations, which can be categorized into semantic tokens and acoustic tokens. However, existing speech tokens are not specifically designed for speech language modeling.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Xin Zhang , Dong Zhang , Shimin Li , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently allowed leveraging large datasets of unlabeled speech signals to reach impressive performance on speech tasks using only small amounts of annotated data. The high number of proposed approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Salah Zaiem , Youcef Kemiche , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Mirco Ravanelli

Current speech language models generate responses directly without explicit reasoning, leading to errors that cannot be corrected once audio is produced. We introduce \textbf{``Silent Thought, Spoken Answer''} -- a paradigm where speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuxuan Lou , Ziming Wu , Yaochen Wang , Yong Liu , Yingxuan Ren , Fuming Lai , Shaobing Lian , Jie Tang , Yang You

Recent advances in AudioLLMs have enabled spoken dialogue systems to move beyond turn-based interaction toward real-time full-duplex communication, where the agent must decide when to speak, yield, or interrupt while the user is still…

Spoken language models (SLMs) have gained increasing attention with advancements in text-based, decoder-only language models. SLMs process text and speech, enabling simultaneous speech understanding and generation. This paper presents…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Heng-Jui Chang , Hongyu Gong , Changhan Wang , James Glass , Yu-An Chung

Recent studies have demonstrated that prompting large language models (LLM) with audio encodings enables effective speech recognition capabilities. However, the ability of Speech LLMs to comprehend and process multi-channel audio with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Jiamin Xie , Ju Lin , Yiteng Huang , Tyler Vuong , Zhaojiang Lin , Zhaojun Yang , Peng Su , Prashant Rawat , Sangeeta Srivastava , Ming Sun , Florian Metze

Recent speech language models (SLMs) typically incorporate pre-trained speech models to extend the capabilities from large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we propose a Descriptive Speech-Text Alignment approach that leverages speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-28 Ke-Han Lu , Zhehuai Chen , Szu-Wei Fu , He Huang , Boris Ginsburg , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Hung-yi Lee

Self-supervised pre-training has been successful in both text and speech processing. Speech and text offer different but complementary information. The question is whether we are able to perform a speech-text joint pre-training on unpaired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Xianghu Yue , Junyi Ao , Xiaoxue Gao , Haizhou Li

Continual Learning, also known as Lifelong Learning, aims to continually learn from new data as it becomes available. While prior research on continual learning in automatic speech recognition has focused on the adaptation of models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Muqiao Yang , Ian Lane , Shinji Watanabe

This study investigates the linguistic understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs) regarding signifier (form) and signified (meaning) by distinguishing two LLM assessment paradigms: psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Linyang He , Ercong Nie , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze , Nima Mesgarani , Jonathan Brennan

Speech language models (SLMs) have significantly extended the interactive capability of text-based Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating paralinguistic information. For more realistic interactive experience with customized styles,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haishu Zhao , Aokai Hao , Yuan Ge , Zhenqiang Hong , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred interest in expanding their application beyond text-based tasks. A large number of studies have explored integrating other modalities with LLMs, notably speech modality, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zhengdong Yang , Shuichiro Shimizu , Yahan Yu , Chenhui Chu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with domain-specific instructions has emerged as an effective method to enhance their domain-specific understanding. Yet, there is limited work that examines the core characteristics acquired during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Varun Nathan , Ayush Kumar , Digvijay Ingle , Jithendra Vepa

This paper explores the potential of constructing an AI spoken dialogue system that "thinks how to respond" and "thinks how to speak" simultaneously, which more closely aligns with the human speech production process compared to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Xinyu Zhou , Delong Chen , Yudong Chen

Current synthetic speech detection (SSD) methods perform well on certain datasets but still face issues of robustness and interpretability. A possible reason is that these methods do not analyze the deficiencies of synthetic speech. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Yuxiang Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jingze Lu , Wenchao Wang , Pengyuan Zhang

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope