Related papers: Benford Behavior in Stick Fragmentation Problems
Internet research on search engine quality and validity of results demand much concern. Thus, the focus in our study has been to measure the impact of quotation marks usage on the internet search outputs in terms of google search outcomes…
Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \lambda_f(n)e^{2\pi i n z}\in S_{k}^{new}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a normalized Hecke eigenform of even weight $k\geq2$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$ without complex multiplication. Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the set of all primes. We…
An important aspect of religious association is that adherents, as part of their religious duty, carry out various activities. One religious group known for keeping the elaborate records of day-to-day activities of its members is the…
This article presents a modern deterministic framework for the study of leading significant digit distributions in numerical data. Rather than relying on traditional probabilistic or mixture-based explanations, we demonstrate that the…
For the first time, we introduce "Scaling invariable Benford distance" and "Benford cyclic graph", which can be used to analyze any data set. Using the quantity and the graph, we analyze some date sets with common distributions, such as…
We explain Kossovsky's generalization of Benford's law which is a formula that approximates the distribution of leftmost digits in finite sequences of natural data and apply it to six sequences of data including populations of US cities and…
We provide a criterion to determine whether a real multiplicative function is a strong Benford sequence. The criterion implies that the $k$-divisor functions, where $k \neq 10^j$, and Hecke eigenvalues of newforms, such as Ramanujan tau…
It is pointed out that the language of quotient groups and wrapped distributions allows an elementary discussion of Benford's Law, and adds arguments supporting wide-spread observability of this statistics.
We study multi-digit correlations in Benford sequences b^n for integer bases 2 <= b <= 1000, measuring dependence via conditional mutual information (CMI). A resonance ratio derived from the continued fraction expansion of log_10(b)…
We study the concatenated Fibonacci constant $\mathcal{F} := 0.F_{1}F_{2}F_{3}\cdots = 0.11235813\cdots$, obtained by concatenating the Fibonacci numbers in the fractional part, and ask whether it is normal. We show that several classical…
This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has been…
A universal First-Letter Law (FLL) is derived and described. It predicts the percentages of first letters for words in novels. The FLL is akin to Benford's law (BL) of first digits, which predicts the percentages of first digits in a data…
The yearly aggregated tax income data of all, more than 8000, Italian municipalities are analyzed for a period of five years, from 2007 to 2011, to search for conformity or not with Benford's law, a counter-intuitive phenomenon observed in…
Using the sum invariance property of Benford random variables, we prove that an $n$-digit Benford variable converges to a Benford variable as $n$ approaches infinity.
We investigate Anderson localization on various 1D structures having flat bands. The main focus is on the scaling laws obeyed by the localization length at weak disorder in the vicinity of flat-band energies. A careful distinction is made…
We show that for most choices of an initial seed $x_0$, the sequence of the first $N$ iterates of $x_0$ under the $3x+1$ map approximately satisfies Benford's law.
Minimal fragmentation models intend to unveil the statistical properties of large ensembles of identical objects, each one segmented in {\it two} parts only. Contrary to what happens in the multifragmentation of a single body, minimally…
Let $(d_n)$ be a sequence of positive numbers and let $(X_n)$ be a sequence of positive independent random variables. We provide an upper bound for the deviation between the distribution of the mantissaes of $(X_n^{d_n})$ and the Benford's…
Two models of binary fragmentation are introduced in which a time dependent transition size produces two regions of fragment sizes above and below the transition size. In the models we consider a fixed rate of fragmentation for the largest…
The friendship paradox index is a network summary statistic used to quantify the friendship paradox, which describes the tendency for an individual's friends to have more friends than the individual. In this paper, we utilize Markov's…