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Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often answer classic visual illusions "correctly" on original images, yet persist with the same responses when illusion factors are inverted, even though the visual change is obvious to humans. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xiaoxiao Sun , Mingyang Li , Kun Yuan , Min Woo Sun , Mark Endo , Shengguang Wu , Changlin Li , Yuhui Zhang , Zeyu Wang , Serena Yeung-Levy

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress across a wide range of visual question answering benchmarks, spanning visual reasoning, document understanding, and multimodal dialogue. These improvements are evident in a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dhruba Ghosh , Yuhui Zhang , Ludwig Schmidt

Are vision-language models (VLMs) for open-vocabulary perception inherently open-set models because they are trained on internet-scale datasets? We answer this question with a clear no - VLMs introduce closed-set assumptions via their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Dimity Miller , Niko Sünderhauf , Alex Kenna , Keita Mason

Recent large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating textual descriptions for visual content. However, these models lack an understanding of user-specific concepts. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuval Alaluf , Elad Richardson , Sergey Tulyakov , Kfir Aberman , Daniel Cohen-Or

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly proposed for autonomous driving tasks, yet their performance on sequential driving scenes remains poorly characterized, particularly regarding how input configurations affect their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Roberto Brusnicki , Mattia Piccinini , Johannes Betz

Vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled strong zero-shot classification through image-text alignment. Yet, their purely visual inference capabilities remain under-explored. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Illia Volkov , Nikita Kisel , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing both visual and textual information. However, the critical challenge of alignment between visual and textual representations is not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu , Ali Payani , Lu Cheng , Mengnan Du

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine visual perception with the general capabilities, such as reasoning, of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the mechanisms by which these two abilities can be combined and contribute remain poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Shiqi Chen , Jinghan Zhang , Tongyao Zhu , Wei Liu , Siyang Gao , Miao Xiong , Manling Li , Junxian He

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Recent advancements in multimodal techniques open exciting possibilities for models excelling in diverse tasks involving text, audio, and image processing. Models like GPT-4V, blending computer vision and language modeling, excel in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Zijun Wu , Ning Shi

Understanding human social behavior such as recognizing emotions and the social dynamics causing them is an important and challenging problem. While LLMs have made remarkable advances, they are limited to the textual domain and cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Tania Chakraborty , Eylon Caplan , Dan Goldwasser

While traditional computer vision models have historically struggled to generalize to endoscopic domains, the emergence of foundation models has shown promising cross-domain performance. In this work, we present the first large-scale study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Leon Mayer , Tim Rädsch , Dominik Michael , Lucas Luttner , Amine Yamlahi , Evangelia Christodoulou , Patrick Godau , Marcel Knopp , Annika Reinke , Fiona Kolbinger , Lena Maier-Hein

Through a controlled study, we identify a systematic deficiency in the multimodal grounding of Vision Language Models (VLMs). While VLMs can recall factual associations when provided a textual reference to an entity; their ability to do so…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dhananjay Ashok , Ashutosh Chaubey , Hirona J. Arai , Jonathan May , Jesse Thomason

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language understanding, yet how they internally integrate visual and textual information remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we perform a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shezheng Song , Shasha Li , Jie Yu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have become state-of-the-art for many computer vision tasks, with in-context learning (ICL) as a popular adaptation strategy for new ones. But can VLMs learn novel concepts purely from visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bowen Zhao , Leo Parker Dirac , Paulina Varshavskaya

Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong multimodal performance but remain prone to relation hallucination, which requires accurate reasoning over inter-object interactions. We study the impact of visual perturbations, specifically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Philip Wootaek Shin , Ajay Narayanan Sridhar , Sivani Devarapalli , Rui Zhang , Jack Sampson , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

While Vision Language Models (VLMs) learn conceptual representations, in the form of generalized knowledge, during training, they are typically used to analyze individual instances. When evaluation instances are atypical, this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Stella Frank , Emily Allaway

Information Visualization has been utilized to gain insights from complex data. In recent times, Large Language models (LLMs) have performed very well in many tasks. In this paper, we showcase the capabilities of different popular LLMs to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Saadiq Rauf Khan , Vinit Chandak , Sougata Mukherjea

Language interpretation is a compositional process, in which the meaning of more complex linguistic structures is inferred from the meaning of their parts. Large language models possess remarkable language interpretation capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 David Maria Schmidt , Raoul Schubert , Philipp Cimiano

Understanding emotions is a fundamental ability for intelligent systems to be able to interact with humans. Vision-language models (VLMs) have made tremendous progress in the last few years for many visual tasks, potentially offering a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Madhav Agarwal , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Laura Sevilla-Lara , Steven McDonagh