Related papers: Attenuation Models for Extensive Air Showers Deriv…
The radio detection technique of cosmic ray air showers has gained renewed interest in the last two decades. While the radio experiments are very cost-effective to deploy, the Monte-Carlo simulations required to analyse the data are…
For high-energy cosmic-ray physics, it is imperative to determine the mass and energy of the cosmic ray that initiated the air shower in the atmosphere. This information can be extracted from the longitudinal profile of the air shower. In…
In this paper we review air shower data related to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 10$^{15}$ eV. After explaining the basic relations between air shower observables and the primary mass and energy of cosmic rays, we present…
The atmospheric secondary antiproton flux is studied for detection altitudes extending from sea level up to about 3 earth radii, by means of a 3-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation, successfully applied previously on other satellite and…
We present a study of the multiplicities, of the lateral distributions and of the ratio of the electromagnetic to the hadronic components in the air showers, generated by the collision in the atmosphere of an incoming high energy cosmic ray…
Next-generation radio experiments such as the Radio Detector of the upgraded Pierre Auger Observatory and the planned GRAND and BEACON arrays target the detection of ultra-high-energy particle air showers arriving at low elevation angles.…
We explore the constant intensity cut method that is widely used for the derivation of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, for comparisons of data obtained at different atmospheric depths, for measuring average shower profiles, and for…
Angular distributions of extensive air showers with different number of charged particles in the range 2.5x10^5--4x10^7 are derived using the experimental data obtained with the EAS MSU array. Possible approximations of the obtained…
Measurements of the cosmic-ray air-shower fluorescence at extreme energies require precise knowledge of atmospheric conditions. The absolute calibration of the cosmic-ray energy depends on the absorption of fluorescence light between its…
The detection of extensive air showers (EAS) through their radio signal is becoming one of the most promising techniques for the study of Neutrinos and Cosmic rays at the highest energies. For the design, optimization and characterization…
The energy spectra of particles arriving at the ground is a significant observable in the analysis of extensive air showers (EAS). Energy distributions at ground were studied for primary particles (12C,56Fe, p, and 28Si) with high primary…
We summarise some basic issues relevant to the optimisation and design of space-based experiments for the observation of the Extensive Air Showers produced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Particles interacting with the atmosphere. A number of…
We study the effect of atmospheric electric fields on the radio pulse emitted by cosmic ray air showers. Under fair weather conditions the dominant part of the radio emission is driven by the geomagnetic field. When the shower charges are…
To interpret the mean depth of cosmic ray air shower maximum and its dispersion, we parametrize those two observables as functions of the first two moments of the $\ln A$ distribution. We examine the goodness of this simple method through…
Atmospheric conditions, such as the pressure (P), temperature (T) or air density ($\rho \propto P/T$), affect the development of extended air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We study the impact of the atmospheric variations on…
The development of a 3-dimensional simulation for Cherenkov photon emissions in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is reported in this paper. CORSIKA is the most widely used Monte-Carlo generator for the description of EAS, but it is not…
We investigate the feasibility of detecting extensive air showers via their geo-synchrotron X-ray emission from high-altitude platforms. Starting from first principles, we derive a differential expression for the number of emitted photons…
Using detailed Monte Carlo simulations we have characterized the features of the radio emission of inclined air showers in the Ultra-High Frequency band (300 MHz - 3 GHz). The Fourier-spectrum of the radiation is shown to have a sizable…
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is located at Haizi Mountain, Daocheng, Sichuan province, China. Due to its high-altitude location with frequent thunderstorm activities, the LHAASO is suited for studying the effects…
The particle showers produced in the atmosphere due to the interactions of primary cosmic particles require a thorough understanding in the backdrop of searches for rare interactions. In this work, we made a comprehensive study of air…