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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as "agents" for decision-making (DM) in interactive and dynamic environments. Yet, since they were not originally designed for DM, recent studies show that LLMs can struggle even in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chanwoo Park , Ziyang Chen , Asuman Ozdaglar , Kaiqing Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have recently gained considerable attention due to the powerful reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Existing research predominantly focuses on enhancing the task performance of these agents in diverse…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Dayong Ye , Tainqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Feng He , Qi He , Shang Wang , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Lifelong learning, also known as continual or incremental learning, is a crucial component for advancing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by enabling systems to continuously adapt in dynamic environments. While large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Junhao Zheng , Chengming Shi , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , Chenxing Li , Dong Yu , Qianli Ma

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has traditionally focused on training specialized agents to optimize predefined reward functions within narrowly defined environments. However, the advent of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fangming Cui , Ruixiao Zhu , Cheng Fang , Sunan Li , Jiahong Li

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn dialogue settings, yet their behavior remains bottlenecked by naive history management strategies. Replaying the full conversation at every turn is simple but costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Christopher Cruz

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making tasks typically requires extensive task-specific knowledge engineering--custom prompts, curated examples, and specialized observation/action spaces. We investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vishnu Sarukkai , Zhiqiang Xie , Kayvon Fatahalian

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Memory emerges as the core module in the large language model (LLM)-based agents for long-horizon complex tasks (e.g., multi-turn dialogue, game playing, scientific discovery), where memory can enable knowledge accumulation, iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yanchen Wu , Tenghui Lin , Yingli Zhou , Fangyuan Zhang , Qintian Guo , Xun Zhou , Sibo Wang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Yixiang Fang

Agentic memory is emerging as a key enabler for large language models (LLM) to maintain continuity, personalization, and long-term context in extended user interactions, critical capabilities for deploying LLMs as truly interactive and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Samarth Sarin , Lovepreet Singh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Dhagash Mehta

Open-domain dialogue systems have seen remarkable advancements with the development of large language models (LLMs). Nonetheless, most existing dialogue systems predominantly focus on brief single-session interactions, neglecting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Hao Li , Chenghao Yang , An Zhang , Yang Deng , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

The popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) have unleashed a new age ofLanguage Agents for solving a diverse range of tasks. While contemporary frontier LLMs are capable enough to power reasonably good Language agents, the closed-API…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Priyanshu Gupta , Shashank Kirtania , Ananya Singha , Sumit Gulwani , Arjun Radhakrishna , Sherry Shi , Gustavo Soares

Large language models split into two families: reasoning-centric LLMs, which strengthen internal chain-of-thought reasoning but cannot invoke external tools, and agentic LLMs, which learn to interact with environments and leverage tools but…

Open-source pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong language understanding and generation capabilities, making them highly successful in a variety of tasks. However, when used as agents for dealing with complex problems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Qinhao Zhou , Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Memory is critical for enabling large language model (LLM) based agents to maintain coherent behavior over long-horizon interactions. However, existing agent memory systems suffer from two key gaps: they rely on a one-size-fits-all memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mingfei Lu , Mengjia Wu , Feng Liu , Jiawei Xu , Weikai Li , Haoyang Wang , Zhengdong Hu , Ying Ding , Yizhou Sun , Jie Lu , Yi Zhang

Agent memory shapes how Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, akin to the human brain, progressively refine themselves through environment interactions. Existing paradigms remain constrained: parametric memory forcibly adjusts model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Shuicheng Yan

Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents mainly evaluate reasoning, planning, and execution. However, memory is also essential for agents, as it enables them to store, update, and retrieve information over time. This ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuyao Wang , Zhongjian Zhang , Mo Chi , Kaichi Yu , Yuhan Li , Miao Peng , Bing Tong , Chen Zhang , Yan Zhou , Jia Li

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning: after learning new tasks sequentially, they perform worse on earlier tasks. Existing methods mitigate catastrophic forgetting by data replay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yazheng Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Rui Xu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie , Hui Xiong

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…