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We study the problem of word-level confidence estimation in subword-based end-to-end (E2E) models for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Although prior works have proposed training auxiliary confidence models for ASR systems, they do not…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 David Qiu , Qiujia Li , Yanzhang He , Yu Zhang , Bo Li , Liangliang Cao , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Deepti Bhatia , Wei Li , Ke Hu , Tara N. Sainath , Ian McGraw

In recent years, large language models (LLM) have made significant progress in the task of generation error correction (GER) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) post-processing. However, in complex noisy environments, they still face…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yanyan Liu , Minqiang Xu , Yihao Chen , Liang He , Lei Fang , Sian Fang , Lin Liu

A recent technique of randomized smoothing has shown that the worst-case (adversarial) $\ell_2$-robustness can be transformed into the average-case Gaussian-robustness by "smoothing" a classifier, i.e., by considering the averaged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Jongheon Jeong , Jinwoo Shin

Continuous dimensional speech emotion recognition captures affective variation along valence, arousal, and dominance, providing finer-grained representations than categorical approaches. Yet most multimodal methods rely solely on global…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haoxun Li , Yuqing Sun , Hanlei Shi , Yu Liu , Leyuan Qu , Taihao Li

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have consistently demonstrated outstanding performance across a diverse spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Nevertheless, despite their success with unseen data, current PLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Javad Rafiei Asl , Prajwal Panzade , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi , Zhipeng Cai

Deep neural networks have become widely used, obtaining remarkable results in domains such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition, social network filtering, machine translation, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Divya Gopinath , Guy Katz , Corina S. Pasareanu , Clark Barrett

To address this gap, our study introduces the concept of causal epistemic consistency, which focuses on the self-consistency of Large Language Models (LLMs) in differentiating intermediates with nuanced differences in causal reasoning. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shaobo Cui , Junyou Li , Luca Mouchel , Yiyang Feng , Boi Faltings

The main motivation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is efficient interfaces to computers, and for the interfaces to be natural and truly useful, it should provide coverage for a large group of users. The purpose of these tasks is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Urmila Shrawankar , VM Thakare

The primary focus of most recent works on open-vocabulary neural fields is extracting precise semantic features from the VLMs and then consolidating them efficiently into a multi-view consistent 3D neural fields representation. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Can Zhang , Gim Hee Lee

Lately, the self-attention mechanism has marked a new milestone in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Nevertheless, its performance is susceptible to environmental intrusions as the system predicts the next output symbol…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Lujun Li , Yikai Kang , Yuchen Shi , Ludwig Kürzinger , Tobias Watzel , Gerhard Rigoll

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has undergone a profound transformation over the past decade, driven by advances in deep learning. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the modern era of ASR, charting its evolution from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Md. Nayeem , Md Shamse Tabrej , Kabbojit Jit Deb , Shaonti Goswami , Md. Azizul Hakim

Bayesian inference promises to ground and improve the performance of deep neural networks. It promises to be robust to overfitting, to simplify the training procedure and the space of hyperparameters, and to provide a calibrated measure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Jonathan Heek , Nal Kalchbrenner

Foundation ASR models often support many languages, e.g. 100 languages in Whisper. However, there has been limited work on integrating an additional, typically low-resource, language, while maintaining performance on the original language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Mengjie Qian , Siyuan Tang , Rao Ma , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

This paper studies how encouraging semantically-aligned features during deep neural network training can increase network robustness. Recent works observed that Adversarial Training leads to robust models, whose learnt features appear to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Motasem Alfarra , Juan C. Pérez , Adel Bibi , Ali Thabet , Pablo Arbeláez , Bernard Ghanem

Conventional far-field automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically employ microphone array techniques for speech enhancement in order to improve robustness against noise or reverberation. However, such speech enhancement techniques…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Minhua Wu , Kenichi Kumatani , Shiva Sundaram , Nikko Strom , Bjorn Hoffmeister

Incremental semantic segmentation aims to continually learn the segmentation of new coming classes without accessing the training data of previously learned classes. However, most current methods fail to address catastrophic forgetting and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Wei Cong , Yang Cong , Jiahua Dong , Gan Sun , Henghui Ding

Fine-grained image-text alignment is a pivotal challenge in multimodal learning, underpinning key applications such as visual question answering, image captioning, and vision-language navigation. Unlike global alignment, fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiale Liu , Haoming Zhou , Yishu Liu , Bingzhi Chen , Yuncheng Jiang

We propose a neural regularization method that refines the noisy 3D semantic field produced by lifting multi-view inconsistent 2D features, in order to obtain an accurate and robust 3D semantic Gaussian Splatting. The 2D features extracted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zaiyan Yang , Xinpeng Liu , Heng Guo , Jinglei Shi , Zhanyu Ma , Fumio Okura

We propose an effective subspace selection scheme as a post-processing step to improve results obtained by sparse subspace clustering (SSC). Our method starts by the computation of stable subspaces using a novel random sampling scheme. Thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Duc-Son Pham , Ognjen Arandjelovic , Svetha Venkatesh

Although modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems can achieve high performance, they may produce errors that weaken readers' experience and do harm to downstream tasks. To improve the accuracy and reliability of ASR hypotheses, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-11 Jing Du , Shiliang Pu , Qinbo Dong , Chao Jin , Xin Qi , Dian Gu , Ru Wu , Hongwei Zhou