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Fabrication of X-ray gratings has surged in the last two decades thanks to their vast employment in X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging, an imaging technique able to boost X-ray sensitivity to detect otherwise invisible details. These high aspect…

For a century, clinical X-ray imaging has visualised only the attenuation properties of tissue, which fundamentally limits the contrast, particularly in soft tissues like the breast. Imaging based on refraction can overcome this limitation,…

We propose a mathematical model for estimating biological damage caused by low-dose irradiation. We understand that the Linear Non Threshold (LNT) hypothesis is realized only in the case of no recovery effects. In order to treat the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Yuichiro Manabe , Kento Ichikawa , Masako Bando

Grating interferometry is a promising diagnostic technique that enables simultaneous acquisition of three complementary, synergistic X-ray images: transmission, differential phase, and dark-field. Its key advantage over other setups is its…

The coded aperture imaging technique is a useful method of X-ray imaging in observational astrophysics. However, the presence of imaging noise or so-called artifacts in a decoded image is a drawback of this method. We propose a new coded…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-03 Tomoaki Kasuga , Hirokazu Odaka , Kosuke Hatauchi , Satoshi Takashima , Tsubasa Tamba , Yuki Aizawa , Soichiro Hashiba , Aya Bamba , Yuanhui Zhou , Toru Tamagawa

Background: Spectral shaping is a computed tomography (CT) dose optimization technique that adjusts source voltage and filtration to reduce patient radiation exposure without compromising image quality. Traditionally, radiation dose has…

Purpose: Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging is a promising modality increasing the soft tissue contrast in medical imaging. In this work, the signature of lung tissue in X-ray grating-based physe-contrast imaging is investigated.…

Imaging with hard x-rays is an invaluable tool in medicine, biology, materials science, and cultural heritage. Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography have been mostly used to resolve micrometer-scale structures inside…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Margie P. Olbinado , David M. Paganin , Yin Cheng , Alexander Rack

A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 T. E. Gureyev , D. M. Paganin , B. Arhatari , S. T. Taba , S. Lewis , P. C. Brennan , H. M. Quiney

X-ray dark-field imaging visualises scattering from sample microstructure, and has found application in medical and security contexts. While most X-ray dark-field imaging techniques rely on masks, gratings, or crystals, recent work on the…

The reduction of metal artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images, specifically for strong artifacts generated from multiple metal objects, is a challenging issue in medical imaging research. Although there have been some studies on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-24 Megumi Nakao , Keiho Imanishi , Nobuhiro Ueda , Yuichiro Imai , Tadaaki Kirita , Tetsuya Matsuda

Purpose: Anthropomorphic phantoms can be used in radiotherapy to confirm dose distributions. In this work, a prototype phantom with a deformable chest wall was created based on real human. Methods: A technique similar to 3-dimensional…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-11-11 Maria Akiki , Fadi Rouphael , Mazen Moussallem

When characterising beam-sensitive materials in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), low-dose techniques are essential for the reliable observation of samples in their true state. A simple route to minimise both the total…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-24 Tiarnan Mullarkey , Clive Downing , Lewys Jones

Magnetic particle imaging is a tracer based imaging technique to determine the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Due to physiological constraints, the imaging…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Nadine Gdaniec , Marija Boberg , Martin Möddel , Patryk Szwargulski , Tobias Knopp

Background: Material structures at the micrometer scale cause ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering, e.g., seen in lung tissue or plastic foams. In grating-based X-ray imaging, this causes a reduction of the fringe visibility, forming a…

Digital image devices have been widely applied in many fields, including scientific imaging, recognition of individuals, and remote sensing. As the application of these imaging technologies to autonomous driving and measurement, image noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yang Shao , Toshie Yaguchi , Toshiaki Tanigaki

Combinations of spectroscopic analysis and microscopic techniques are used across many disciplines of scientific research, including material science, chemistry and biology. X-ray spectromicroscopy, in particular, is a powerful tool used…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Oliver Townsend , Silvia Gazzola , Sergey Dolgov , Paul Quinn

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is an important tool in medical imaging to obtain a direct visualization of patient anatomy. However, the x-ray radiation exposure leads to the concern of lifetime cancer risk. Low-dose CT scan can reduce the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Guoyang Ma , Chenyang Shen , Xun Jia

A shallow depth-of-field image keeps the subject in focus, and the foreground and background contexts blurred. This effect requires much larger lens apertures than those of smartphone cameras. Conventional methods acquire RGB-D images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Meng-Lin Wu , Venkata Ravi Kiran Dayana , Hau Hwang

Optical images of transparent three-dimensional objects can be different from a replica of the object's cross section in the image plane due to refraction at the surface or in the body of the object. Simulations of the object's image are…