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Modern large language models (LLMs) driven by scaling laws, achieve intelligence emergency in large model sizes. Recently, the increasing concerns about cloud costs, latency, and privacy make it an urgent requirement to develop compact edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xingrun Xing , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Boyan Gao , Yiming Liang , Wanpeng Zhang , Haokun Lin , Guoqi Li , Jiajun Zhang

Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in learning relationships between protein sequences and functions. However, finetuning these large models requires substantial computational resources, often with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shuo Zhang , Jian K. Liu

We propose TLoRA, a novel tri-matrix low-rank adaptation method that decomposes weight updates into three matrices: two fixed random matrices and one trainable matrix, combined with a learnable, layer-wise scaling factor. This tri-matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tanvir Islam

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on general-purpose language tasks, their deployment in regulated and data-sensitive domains, including insurance, remains limited. Leveraging millions of historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zhengda Mo , Zhiyu Quan , Eli O'Donohue , Kaiwen Zhong

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but it is notably ineffective at removing backdoor behaviors from poisoned pretrained models when fine-tuning on clean dataset. Contrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hoang-Chau Luong , Lingwei Chen

The pretrain+fine-tune paradigm is foundational for deploying large language models (LLMs) across various downstream applications. Within this framework, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jingwei Xu , Junyu Lai , Yunpeng Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot and few-shot learning capabilities, making them essential for several downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning these models at scale remains challenging, particularly in federated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arkajyoti Mitra , Afia Anjum , Paul Agbaje , Mert Pesé , Habeeb Olufowobi

This research investigates the effectiveness of alignment techniques, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and a combined SFT+DPO approach on improving the safety and helpfulness of the OPT-350M language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Piyush Pant

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their performance on downstream tasks, but full-parameter fine-tuning (Full-FT) is computationally expensive and memory-intensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Longteng Zhang , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu , Bo Li

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Adapters and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques designed to make the training of language models more efficient. Previous results demonstrated that these methods can even improve performance on some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Olesya Razuvayevskaya , Ben Wu , Joao A. Leite , Freddy Heppell , Ivan Srba , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

The safety mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) exhibit notable fragility, as even fine-tuning on datasets without harmful content may still undermine their safety capabilities. Meanwhile, existing safety alignment methods…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Cen Chen , Hongyu Li , Mingyuan Chu , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Recent studies have augmented large language models (LLMs) with speech capabilities, leading to the development of speech language models (SpeechLMs). Earlier SpeechLMs focused on single-turn speech-based question answering (QA), where user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yifan Peng , Krishna C. Puvvada , Zhehuai Chen , Piotr Zelasko , He Huang , Kunal Dhawan , Ke Hu , Shinji Watanabe , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a de facto standard for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). However, we identify a critical vulnerability within popular low-rank adaptation methods like LoRA: their tendency to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yupeng Chang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, which fine-tune only a subset of model parameters, offer a promising solution by reducing the computational costs of tuning large language models (LLMs) while maintaining their performance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 André Storhaug , Jingyue Li

Anomalous Sound Detection (ASD) has gained significant interest through the application of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in industrial settings. Though possessing great potential, ASD systems can hardly be readily…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xinhu Zheng , Anbai Jiang , Bing Han , Yanmin Qian , Pingyi Fan , Jia Liu , Wei-Qiang Zhang

Low rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a prominent technique for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) thanks to its superb efficiency gains over previous methods. While extensive studies have examined the performance and structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zi Liang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Yaxin Xiao , Ronghua Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), as a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)method, significantly enhances the training efficiency by updating only a small portion of the weights in Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng