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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have significantly improved the adaptation of LLMs to downstream tasks in a resource-efficient manner. However, in multi-task scenarios, challenges such as training imbalance and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xujia Wang , Haiyan Zhao , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Zhiyuan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance in natural language processing, but enormous model sizes and high computational costs limit their practical deployment. Structured pruning can effectively reduce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jun Kong , Xinge Ma , Jin Wang , Xuejie Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is crucial for adapting them to specific tasks, yet it remains computationally demanding and raises concerns about correctness and privacy, particularly in untrusted environments. Although…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Guofu Liao , Taotao Wang , Shengli Zhang , Jiqun Zhang , Shi Long , Dacheng Tao

Pathology reports serve as the definitive record for breast cancer staging, yet their unstructured format impedes large-scale data curation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer semantic reasoning, their deployment is often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiahao Shao , Anam Nawaz Khan , Christopher Brett , Tom Berg , Xueping Li , Bing Yao

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao

In this paper we generalize and extend an idea of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer architecture. Widely used LoRA-like methods of fine-tuning LLMs are based on matrix factorization of gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Daniel Bershatsky , Daria Cherniuk , Talgat Daulbaev , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

With the ever-growing size of pretrained models (PMs), fine-tuning them has become more expensive and resource-hungry. As a remedy, low-rank adapters (LoRA) keep the main pretrained weights of the model frozen and just introduce some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Mojtaba Valipour , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ivan Kobyzev , Ali Ghodsi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted into domain-specific variants for applications in law, healthcare, and finance. Their scale, however, limits deployment in resource-constrained settings, and existing compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Songlin Zhao , Michael Pitts , Zhuwei Qin

Post-training pruning has emerged as a crucial optimization technique as large language models (LLMs) continue to grow rapidly. However, the significant variations in weight distributions across different LLMs make fixed pruning strategies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Shuqi Liu , Bowei He , Han Wu , Linqi Song

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown significant progress in various complex vision tasks with the solid linguistic and reasoning capacity inherited from large language models (LMMs). Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Liang Mi , Weijun Wang , Wenming Tu , Qingfeng He , Rui Kong , Xinyu Fang , Yazhu Dong , Yikang Zhang , Yunchun Li , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Guihai Chen , Yunxin Liu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged as a powerful visual foundation model for image segmentation. However, adapting SAM to specific downstream tasks, such as medical and agricultural imaging, remains a significant challenge. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Renqi Chen , Haoyang Su , Shixiang Tang

Both full fine-tuning (Full FT) and parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as LoRA introduce weight updates without accounting for the spectral structure established during pretraining. As a result, noisy gradients from limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yequan Zhao , Ruijie Zhang , Liyan Tan , Niall Moran , Tong Qin , Zheng Zhang

Extensive efforts have been made to boost the performance in the domain of language models by introducing various attention-based transformers. However, the inclusion of linear layers with large dimensions contributes to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Priyansh Bhatnagar , Linfeng Wen , Mingu Kang

Instruction fine-tuning has emerged as a critical technique for customizing Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific applications. However, recent studies have highlighted significant security vulnerabilities in fine-tuned LLMs. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Jiawei Cao , Ming Ma , Danyang Zhao , Shuren Qi , Fenglei Fan , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is a common practice to adapt generalist models to specialized domains. However, recent studies show that fine-tuning can erode safety alignment, causing LLMs to respond to harmful or unethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Aladin Djuhera , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Farhan Ahmed , Syed Zawad , Holger Boche

The "pretrain-then-finetune" paradigm is commonly adopted in the deployment of large language models. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, is often employed to adapt a base model to a multitude of tasks,…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models, with its effectiveness largely influenced by the allocation of ranks and scaling factors, as well as initialization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weicheng Lin , Yi Zhang , Jiawei Dang , Liang-Jie Zhang

Adapting LLMs to specific stylistic characteristics, like brand voice or authorial tones, is crucial for enterprise communication but challenging to achieve from corpora which lacks instruction-response formatting without compromising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Pritika Ramu , Apoorv Saxena , Meghanath M Y , Varsha Sankar , Debraj Basu

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis
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