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Visual neural decoding from EEG has improved significantly due to diffusion models that can reconstruct high-quality images from decoded latents. While recent works have focused on relatively complex architectures to achieve good…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-25 Teng Fei , Srinivas Ravishankar , Zhining Chen , Abhinav Uppal , Ian Jackson , Virginia R. de Sa

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Diffusion models have established themselves as state-of-the-art generative models across various data modalities, including images and videos, due to their ability to accurately approximate complex data distributions. Unlike traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Daniel Wesego

Timely diagnosis is important for saving the life of epileptic patients. In past few years, a lot of treatments are available for epilepsy. These treatments require use of anti-seizure drugs but are not effective in controlling frequency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Shivam Gupta , Jyoti Meena , O. P Gupta

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides real-time insights into brain activity and supports diverse applications in neuroscience. While EEG foundation models (EFMs) have emerged to address the scalability issues of task-specific models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingying Ma , Feng Wu , Qika Lin , Yucheng Xing , Chenyu Liu , Ziyu Jia , Mengling Feng

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved remarkable quality in image generation that rivals GANs'. But unlike GANs, DPMs use a set of latent variables that lack semantic meaning and cannot serve as a useful representation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Konpat Preechakul , Nattanat Chatthee , Suttisak Wizadwongsa , Supasorn Suwajanakorn

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have recently demonstrated impressive results on various generative tasks.Despite its promises, the learned representations of pre-trained DPMs, however, have not been fully understood. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) calls for accessible and cost-effective continuous cardiac monitoring tools. Despite Electrocardiography (ECG) being the gold standard, continuous monitoring remains a challenge, leading…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Debaditya Shome , Pritam Sarkar , Ali Etemad

Foundation models pre-trained through masked reconstruction on large-scale EEG data have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning generalizable neural representations across diverse brain-computer interface applications. However, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Shao , Peiliang Gong , Qun Dai , Daoqiang Zhang

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. This disease requires reliable and efficient seizure detection methods. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for seizure monitoring, but its manual analysis is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Annika Stiehl , Nicolas Weeger , Christian Uhl , Dominic Bechtold , Nicole Ille , Stefan Geißelsöder

[$^{18}$F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a crucial tool in identifying the epileptic focus, especially in cases where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis yields indeterminate results. FDG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Wentao Chen , Jiwei Li , Xichen Xu , Hui Huang , Siyu Yuan , Miao Zhang , Tianming Xu , Jie Luo , Weimin Zhou

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential technique for neuroscience research and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Recently, large-scale EEG foundation models have been developed, exhibiting robust generalization capabilities…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Zhige Chen , Chengxuan Qin , Wenlong You , Rui Liu , Congying Chu , Rui Yang , Kay Chen Tan , Jibin Wu

Epilepsy is the second most common brain disorder after migraine. Automatic detection of epileptic seizures can considerably improve the patients' quality of life. Current Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based seizure detection systems encounter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-28 Ramy Hussein , Hamid Palangi , Rabab Ward , Z. Jane Wang

Electroencephalography (EEG) stands as a crucial tool in neuroscientific research and clinical diagnostics, providing valuable insights into the electrical activities of the brain. Traditional EEG signal processing techniques, predominantly…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-12 Aryan Govil , Eric Yao , Christina R. Borao

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals play a pivotal role in biomedical research and clinical applications, including epilepsy diagnosis, sleep disorder analysis, and brain-computer interfaces. However, the effective analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiahao Qin , Feng Liu

Multimodal language modeling has enabled breakthroughs for representation learning, yet remains unexplored in the realm of functional brain data for clinical phenotyping. This paper pioneers EEG-language models (ELMs) trained on clinical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Sam Gijsen , Kerstin Ritter

Recent electroencephalography (EEG) spatial super-resolution (SR) methods, while showing improved quality by either directly predicting missing signals from visible channels or adapting latent diffusion-based generative modeling to temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Laura Yao , Gengwei Zhang , Moajjem Chowdhury , Yunmei Liu , Tianlong Chen

Recently, many efforts have been made to explore how the brain processes speech using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, where deep learning-based approaches were shown to be applicable in this field. In order to decode speech signals…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-24 Qiushi Zhu , Xiaoying Zhao , Jie Zhang , Yu Gu , Chao Weng , Yuchen Hu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain activity, widely used in brain-computer interfaces, clinic, and healthcare. Traditional EEG deep models typically focus on specific dataset and task, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Ang Li , Zikai Wang , Liuyin Yang , Zhenyu Wang , Tianheng Xu , Honglin Hu , Marc M. Van Hulle

Foundation models for time series are emerging as powerful general-purpose backbones, yet their potential for domain-specific biomedical signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) remains rather unexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Théo Gnassounou , Yessin Moakher , Shifeng Xie , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko
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