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Word embeddings are now ubiquitous forms of word representation in natural language processing. There have been applications of word embeddings for monolingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) in English, but few comparisons have been done.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Hong Jin Kang , Tao Chen , Muthu Kumar Chandrasekaran , Min-Yen Kan

The recent emergence of Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) as a fundamental paradigm for learning image representations has, and continues to, demonstrate high empirical success in a variety of tasks. However, most SSL approaches fail to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Alžběta Manová , Aiden Durrant , Georgios Leontidis

We study the problem of multilingual masked language modeling, i.e. the training of a single model on concatenated text from multiple languages, and present a detailed study of several factors that influence why these models are so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Shijie Wu , Alexis Conneau , Haoran Li , Luke Zettlemoyer , Veselin Stoyanov

Deep language models learning a hierarchical representation proved to be a powerful tool for natural language processing, text mining and information retrieval. However, representations that perform well for retrieval must capture semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Xiaowei Xu

Embodied AI requires agents to understand goals, plan actions, and execute tasks in simulated environments. We present a comprehensive evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the VirtualHome benchmark using the Embodied Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiaqi Xu , Tao Huang , Kai Zhang

Recent works propose complex multi-modal models that handle both time series and language, ultimately claiming high performance on complex tasks like time series reasoning and cross-modal question answering. However, they skip foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Medhasweta Sen , Zachary Gottesman , Jiaxing Qiu , C. Bayan Bruss , Nam Nguyen , Tom Hartvigsen

One of the most important problems in machine translation (MT) evaluation is to evaluate the similarity between translation hypotheses with different surface forms from the reference, especially at the segment level. We propose to use word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Junki Matsuo , Mamoru Komachi , Katsuhito Sudoh

This technical report presents the training methodology and evaluation results of the open-source multilingual E5 text embedding models, released in mid-2023. Three embedding models of different sizes (small / base / large) are provided,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Linjun Yang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

Current LLM-based agents demonstrate strong performance in episodic task execution but remain constrained by static toolsets and episodic amnesia, failing to accumulate experience across task boundaries. This paper formalizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihang Jiang , Lipeng Ma , Zhonghua Hong , Keyi Wang , Zhiyu Lu , Tengfei Wang , Shisong Chen , Jinghao Zhang , Tianjun Pan , Weijia Li , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Understanding the capability bottlenecks of embodied multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is crucial for improving embodied agents. However, existing embodied benchmarks mainly focus on task-level evaluation and fail to provide…

Large language models (LLMs) trained on massive corpora demonstrate impressive capabilities in a wide range of tasks. While there are ongoing efforts to adapt these models to languages beyond English, the attention given to their evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Guijin Son , Hanwool Lee , Suwan Kim , Huiseo Kim , Jaecheol Lee , Je Won Yeom , Jihyu Jung , Jung Woo Kim , Songseong Kim

Studies of morphological processing have shown that semantic transparency is crucial for word recognition. Its computational operationalization is still under discussion. Our primary objectives are to explore embedding-based measures of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 M. Maziyah Mohamed , R. H. Baayen

The \textit{Smoothed Bellman Error Embedding} algorithm~\citep{dai2018sbeed}, known as SBEED, was proposed as a provably convergent reinforcement learning algorithm with general nonlinear function approximation. It has been successfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Ahmed Touati , Pascal Vincent

Recent work has shown how to learn better visual-semantic embeddings by leveraging image descriptions in more than one language. Here, we investigate in detail which conditions affect the performance of this type of grounded language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Ákos Kádár , Desmond Elliott , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi

In this paper, we explore the learning of neural network embeddings for natural images and speech waveforms describing the content of those images. These embeddings are learned directly from the waveforms without the use of linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-10 David Harwath , Galen Chuang , James Glass

Due to the complex layouts of documents, it is challenging to extract information for documents. Most previous studies develop multimodal pre-trained models in a self-supervised way. In this paper, we focus on the embedding learning of word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Song Tao , Zijian Wang , Tiantian Fan , Canjie Luo , Can Huang

Recent studies have introduced methods for learning acoustic word embeddings (AWEs)---fixed-size vector representations of words which encode their acoustic features. Despite the widespread use of AWEs in speech processing research, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Yevgen Matusevych , Herman Kamper , Sharon Goldwater

Based on powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), recent generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained prominence as a pivotal research area, exhibiting remarkable capability for both comprehension and generation. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Guangzhi Wang , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks, leading to their widespread deployment. However, recent studies have highlighted concerning biases in these models, particularly in their handling of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Runtao Zhou , Guangya Wan , Saadia Gabriel , Sheng Li , Alexander J Gates , Maarten Sap , Thomas Hartvigsen

Language grounding aims at linking the symbolic representation of language (e.g., words) into the rich perceptual knowledge of the outside world. The general approach is to embed both textual and visual information into a common space -the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Hassan Shahmohammadi , Hendrik P. A. Lensch , R. Harald Baayen