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Multi-agent frameworks can substantially boost the reasoning power of large language models (LLMs), but they typically incur heavy computational costs and lack convergence guarantees. To overcome these challenges, we recast multi-LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xie Yi , Zhanke Zhou , Chentao Cao , Qiyu Niu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Save for some special cases, current training methods for Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are at best guaranteed to converge to a `local Nash equilibrium` (LNE). Such LNEs, however, can be arbitrarily far from an actual Nash…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Frans A. Oliehoek , Rahul Savani , Jose Gallego , Elise van der Pol , Roderich Groß

Quantum error correction code discovery has relied on algebraic constructions with predetermined structure or computational search lacking mechanistic interpretability. We introduce a game-theoretic framework recasting code optimization as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Rubén Darío Guerrero

Adversarial team games model multiplayer strategic interactions in which a team of identically-interested players is competing against an adversarial player in a zero-sum game. Such games capture many well-studied settings in game theory,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ioannis Anagnostides , Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Stephen McAleer

A Nash Equilibrium (NE) is a strategy profile resilient to unilateral deviations, and is predominantly used in the analysis of multiagent systems. A downside of NE is that it is not necessarily stable against deviations by coalitions. Yet,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Michal Feldman , Tami Tamir

Generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) is a solution concept for complete information games, in which each player's objective function and feasible region depend on other players' actions. While numerical methods for finding GNE when players…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Stuart M. Harwood , Dimitri J. Papageorgiou

The Nash Equilibrium (NE), one of the elegant and fundamental concepts in game theory, plays a crucial part within various fields, including engineering and computer science. However, efficiently computing an NE in normal-form games remains…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Jianing Chen

In this paper, we solve the problem of learning a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in merely monotone games. First, we propose a novel continuous semi-decentralized solution algorithm without projections that uses first-order information…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Suad Krilašević , Sergio Grammatico

This work proposes a novel distributed approach for computing a Nash equilibrium in convex games with merely monotone and restricted strongly monotone pseudo-gradients. By leveraging the idea of the centralized operator extrapolation method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Tatiana Tatarenko , Angelia Nedich

Game theory finds nowadays a broad range of applications in engineering and machine learning. However, in a derivative-free, expensive black-box context, very few algorithmic solutions are available to find game equilibria. Here, we propose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-28 Victor Picheny , Mickael Binois , Abderrahmane Habbal

Designing efficient algorithms to find Nash equilibrium (NE) refinements in sequential games is of paramount importance in practice. Indeed, it is well known that the NE has several weaknesses, since it may prescribe to play sub-optimal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Martino Bernasconi , Alberto Marchesi , Francesco Trovò

This paper investigates the equilibrium convergence properties of a proposed algorithm for potential games with continuous strategy spaces in the presence of feedback delays, a main challenge in multi-agent systems that compromises the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Yuanhanqing Huang , Jianghai Hu

We study the problem of computing an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium in repeated games. Earlier work by Borgs et al. [2010] suggests that this problem is intractable. We show that if we make a slight change to their model---modeling the players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass , Lior Seeman

Nash Equilibrium (NE) is the canonical solution concept of game theory, which provides an elegant tool to understand the rationalities. Though mixed strategy NE exists in any game with finite players and actions, computing NE in two- or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xinrun Wang , Chang Yang , Shuxin Li , Pengdeng Li , Xiao Huang , Hau Chan , Bo An

This paper develops a distributed Nash Equilibrium seeking algorithm for heterogeneous multi-robot systems. The algorithm utilises distributed optimisation and output control to achieve the Nash equilibrium by leveraging information shared…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yi Dong , Zhongguo Li , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

Nash equilibrium is a central concept in game theory. Several Nash solvers exist, yet none scale to normal-form games with many actions and many players, especially those with payoff tensors too big to be stored in memory. In this work, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Ian Gemp , Rahul Savani , Marc Lanctot , Yoram Bachrach , Thomas Anthony , Richard Everett , Andrea Tacchetti , Tom Eccles , János Kramár

Computational aspects of solution notions such as Nash equilibrium have been extensively studied, including settings where the ultimate goal is to find an equilibrium that possesses some additional properties. Furthermore, in order to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Bruce M. Kapron , Koosha Samieefar

We describe a new complete algorithm for computing Nash equilibrium in multiplayer general-sum games, based on a quadratically-constrained feasibility program formulation. We demonstrate that the algorithm runs significantly faster than the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Sam Ganzfried

We propose a framework to compute approximate Nash equilibria in integer programming games with nonlinear payoffs, i.e., simultaneous and non-cooperative games where each player solves a parametrized mixed-integer nonlinear program. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Aloïs Duguet , Margarida Carvalho , Gabriele Dragotto , Sandra Ulrich Ngueveu

Wide machine learning tasks can be formulated as non-convex multi-player games, where Nash equilibrium (NE) is an acceptable solution to all players, since no one can benefit from changing its strategy unilaterally. Attributed to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Guanpu Chen , Gehui Xu , Fengxiang He , Yiguang Hong , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao