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Online reinforcement learning (RL) serves as an effective method for enhancing the capabilities of Android agents. However, guiding agents to learn through online interaction is prohibitively expensive due to the high latency of emulators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Guo Gan , Yuxuan Ding , Cong Chen , Yuwei Ren , Yin Huang , Hong Zhou

The development of open benchmarking platforms could greatly accelerate the adoption of AI agents in retail. This paper presents comprehensive simulations of customer shopping behaviors for the purpose of benchmarking reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yu Xia , Sriram Narayanamoorthy , Zhengyuan Zhou , Joshua Mabry

Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in refining large language models (LLMs), we propose AR-GRPO, an approach to integrate online RL training into autoregressive (AR) image generation models. We adapt the Group Relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shihao Yuan , Yahui Liu , Yang Yue , Jingyuan Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou

Training effective Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for GUI agents typically depends on large-scale annotated datasets, whose collection is both labor-intensive and error-prone. We introduce K-step GUI Transition, a self-supervised inverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Longxi Gao , Li Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Mengwei Xu

With the rapid advancement of large language models and vision-language models, employing large models as Web Agents has become essential for automated web interaction. However, training Web Agents with reinforcement learning faces critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ziyuan Chen , Zhenghui Zhao , Zhangye Han , Miancan Liu , Xianhang Ye , Yiqing Li , Hongbo Min , Jinkui Ren , Xiantao Zhang , Guitao Cao

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general framework for adaptive control, which has proven to be efficient in many domains, e.g., board games, video games or autonomous vehicles. In such problems, an agent faces a sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Olivier Buffet , Olivier Pietquin , Paul Weng

One of the final frontiers in the development of complex human - AI collaborative systems is the ability of AI agents to comprehend the natural language and perform tasks accordingly. However, training efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Chaitanya Kharyal , Sai Krishna Gottipati , Tanmay Kumar Sinha , Srijita Das , Matthew E. Taylor

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Wenhui Huang , Chen Lv

Safe and efficient autonomous driving maneuvers in an interactive and complex environment can be considerably challenging due to the unpredictable actions of other surrounding agents that may be cooperative or adversarial in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan , Hanhan Li

The recent progress of large language model agents has opened new possibilities for automating tasks through graphical user interfaces (GUIs), especially in mobile environments where intelligent interaction can greatly enhance usability.…

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is well-suitedd for solving complex tasks by breaking them down into structured policies. However, HRL agents often struggle with efficient exploration and quick adaptation. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Arash Khajooeinejad , Fatemeh Sadat Masoumi , Masoumeh Chapariniya

Despite advances in Reinforcement Learning, many sequential decision making tasks remain prohibitively expensive and impractical to learn. Recently, approaches that automatically generate reward functions from logical task specifications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Yash Shukla , Abhishek Kulkarni , Robert Wright , Alvaro Velasquez , Jivko Sinapov

Query optimization is a crucial component for the efficacy of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. While reinforcement learning (RL)-based agentic and reasoning methods have recently emerged as a promising direction on query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Wei Wen , Sihang Deng , Tianjun Wei , Keyu Chen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

Multi-step LLM agents in interactive environments represent a crucial step toward long-horizon decision-making. To train such agents, group-based reinforcement learning is widely adopted, which reinforces trajectories with higher relative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiazhen Yuan , Zhike Gong , Jinquan Hang , Zhengbiao Bai , Wei Zhao

This work concerns itself with the task of reconstructing all edges of an arbitrary 3D wire-frame model projected to an image plane. We explore a bottom-up part-wise procedure undertaken by an RL agent to segment and reconstruct these 2D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Julian Ziegler , Patrick Frenzel , Mirco Fuchs

Intent detection, a critical component in task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, faces significant challenges in adapting to the rapid influx of integrable tools with complex interrelationships. Existing approaches, such as zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihao Feng , Xiaoxue Wang , Ziwei Bai , Donghang Su , Bowen Wu , Qun Yu , Baoxun Wang

Humans are good at learning on the job: We learn how to solve the tasks we face as we go along. Can a model do the same? We propose an agent that assembles a task-specific curriculum, called test-time curriculum (TTC-RL), and applies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jonas Hübotter , Leander Diaz-Bone , Ido Hakimi , Andreas Krause , Moritz Hardt

This paper describes how domain knowledge of power system operators can be integrated into reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks to effectively learn agents that control the grid's topology to prevent thermal cascading. Typical RL-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Amarsagar Reddy Ramapuram Matavalam , Kishan Prudhvi Guddanti , Yang Weng , Venkataramana Ajjarapu

Computer use agents (CUAs) have shown strong potential for automating complex digital workflows, yet their training remains constrained by costly live environment interaction and limited high-quality supervision. Existing filtered behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yifei He , Rui Yang , Hao Bai , Tong Zhang , Han Zhao

This innovative practice category paper presents an innovative framework for teaching Reinforcement Learning (RL) at the undergraduate level. Recognizing the challenges posed by the complex theoretical foundations of the subject and the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Muhammad Ahmed Atif , Mohammad Shahid Shaikh
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