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It is shown that when properly analyzed using principles consistent with the use of a Hilbert space to describe microscopic properties, quantum mechanics is a local theory: one system cannot influence another system with which it does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Robert B. Griffiths

When conducting a Bell test, it is normal to assume that the preparation of the quantum state is independent of the measurements performed on it. Remarkably, the violation of local realism by entangled quantum systems can be certified even…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Yu Cai , Valerio Scarani

Nonlocal entanglement between pair-correlated particles is a highly counter-intuitive aspect of quantum mechanics, where measurement on one particle can instantly affect the other, regardless of distance. While the rigorous Bell's…

While the interest in multipartite nonlocality has grown in recent years, its existence in large quantum systems is difficult to confirm experimentally. This is mostly due to the inadequacy of standard multipartite Bell inequalities to…

Bell's theorem is typically understood as the proof that quantum theory is incompatible with local-hidden-variable models. More generally, we can see the violation of a Bell inequality as witnessing the impossibility of explaining quantum…

Bell's theorem depends crucially on counterfactual reasoning, and is mistakenly interpreted as ruling out a local explanation for the correlations which can be observed between the results of measurements performed on spatially-separated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark A. Rubin

Bell non-locality represents the ultimate consequence of quantum entanglement, fundamentally undermining the classical tenet that spatially-separated degrees of freedom possess objective attributes independently of the act of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Irénée Frérot , Tommaso Roscilde

Non-locality stands nowadays not only as one of the cornerstones of quantum theory, but also plays a crucial role in quantum information processing. Several experimental investigations of nonlocality have been carried out over the years. In…

The predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be resolved with a completely classical view of the world. In particular, the statistics of space-like separated measurements on entangled quantum systems violate a Bell inequality. We put forward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 Matty J. Hoban

Contrary to Bell scenario, quantum nonlocality can be exploited even when all the parties do not have freedom to select inputs randomly. Such manifestation of nonlocality is possible in networks involving independent sources. One can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-20 Kaushiki Mukherjee , Biswajit Paul , Arup Roy

The categorization of quantum states for composite systems as either separable or entangled, or alternatively as Bell local or Bell non-local states based on local hidden variable theory is reviewed in Sections 1 and 2, focusing on simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 B. J. Dalton

This paper aims at reproducing quantum mechanical (QM) spin and spin entanglement results using a realist, stochastic, and local approach, without the standard QM mathematical formulation. The concrete model proposed includes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Antonio Sciarretta

Increasingly sophisticated quantum computers motivate the exploration of their abilities in certifying genuine quantum phenomena. Here, we demonstrate the power of state-of-the-art IBM quantum computers in correlation experiments inspired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Elisa Bäumer , Nicolas Gisin , Armin Tavakoli

It is well-known that in a Bell experiment, the observed correlation between measurement outcomes -- as predicted by quantum theory -- can be stronger than that allowed by local causality, yet not fully constrained by the principle of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-15 Pei-Sheng Lin , Tamás Vértesi , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Bell nonlocality plays a fundamental role in quantum theory. Numerous tests of the Bell inequality have been reported since the ground-breaking discovery of the Bell theorem.Up to now, however, most discussions of the Bell scenario have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-08 Meng-Jun Hu , Zhi-Yuan Zhou , Xiao-Min Hu , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo , Yong-Sheng Zhang

A fruitful way of studying physical theories is via the question whether the possible physical states and different kinds of correlations in each theory can be shared to different parties. Over the past few years it has become clear that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-15 Michael Seevinck

Quantum nonlocality can be revealed "via local contextuality" in qudit-qudit entangled systems with $d > 2$, that is, through the violation of inequalities containing Alice-Bob correlations that admit a local description, and Alice-Alice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-03 Debashis Saha , Adán Cabello , Sujit K. Choudhary , Marcin Pawłowski

We present a source of entangled photons that violates a Bell inequality free of the "fair-sampling" assumption, by over 7 standard deviations. This violation is the first experiment with photons to close the detection loophole, and we…

Bell inequalities are natural tools that allow one to certify the presence of nonlocality in quantum systems. The known constructions of multipartite Bell inequalities contain, however, correlation functions involving all observers, making…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 J. Tura , A. B. Sainz , T. Vértesi , A. Acín , M. Lewenstein , R. Augusiak

The certification of Bell nonlocality or quantum steering implies the use of incompatible measurements. Here we make this connection quantitative. We show how to strengthen robustness-based steering and nonlocality quantifiers in order that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-07 Daniel Cavalcanti , Paul Skrzypczyk