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This paper provides a systematic analysis of Bell experiments from the relational perspective, demonstrating that the apparent ``nonlocality'' of quantum mechanics stems from a problematic application of relativistic principles rather than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Jan van Neerven , Marijn Waaijer

According to the Bell theorem, local hidden variable theories cannot reproduce all the predictions of quantum mechanics. An important consequence is that under physically reasonable assumptions quantum mechanics predicts correlations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-07 Frederick H. Willeboordse

The view exists that Bell-tests would only be about local incompatibility of quantum observables and that quantum non-locality would be an unnecessary concept in physics. In this note, we emphasize that it is not incompatibility at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

A Bell test separates quantum mechanics from a classical, local realist theory of physics. However, a Bell test cannot separate quantum physics from all classical theories. Classical devices supplemented with non-signaling correlations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

Bell nonlocality, the fact that local hidden variable models cannot reproduce the correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states, is a cornerstone in our modern understanding of quantum theory. Apart from its fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-04 M. G. M. Moreno , Samuraí Brito , Ranieri V. Nery , Rafael Chaves

In 1935 EPR used the assumption of local realism to conclude in a Gedankenexperiment with two entangled particles that quantum mechanics is not complete. Based on this idea Bell constructed an inequality whereby experimental tests could…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-31 Markus Weber

We introduce Bell inequalities based on covariance, one of the most common measures of correlation. Explicit examples are discussed, and violations in quantum theory are demonstrated. A crucial feature of these covariance Bell inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-27 Victor Pozsgay , Flavien Hirsch , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Brunner

Cluster states are a new type of multiqubit entangled states with entanglement properties exceptionally well suited for quantum computation. In the present work, we experimentally demonstrate that correlations in a four-qubit linear cluster…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Philip Walther , Markus Aspelmeyer , Kevin J. Resch , Anton Zeilinger

Based on the Bell theorem, it has been believed that a theoretical computation of the Bell correlation requires explicit use of an entangled state. Such a physical superposition of light waves occurs in the downconverter sources used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-14 Louis Sica

Quantum nonlocality is a counterintuitive phenomenon that lies beyond the purview of causal influences. Recently, Bell inequalities have been generalized to the case of quantum inputs, leading to a powerful family of semi-quantum Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-12 Charles Ci Wen Lim

It has been shown that entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which are key concepts in Quantum Mechanics, can be probed in high-energy colliders via processes of fundamental particle scattering. In fact, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations have…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-17 Yoav Afik , Yevgeny Kats , Juan Ramón Muñoz de Nova , Abner Soffer , David Uzan

I have been arguing that quantum nonlocality, deeply entrenched in the present formalism of quantum mechanics and widely believed as a reality by physicists, is in fact absent. Spooky nonlocal state reduction is the most, and perhaps the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C . S. Unnikrishnan

Quantum theory violates Bell's inequality, but not to the maximum extent that is logically possible. We derive inequalities (generalizations of Cirel'son's inequality) that quantify the upper bound of the violation, both for the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Dennis Dieks

Bell nonlocality -- the existence of quantum correlations that cannot be explained by classical means -- is certainly one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics. Its range of applications in device-independent protocols is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Rafael Santos , Debashis Saha , Flavio Baccari , Remigiusz Augusiak

Quantum theory allows for nonlocality without entanglement. Notably, there exist bipartite quantum measurements consisting of only product eigenstates, yet they cannot be implemented via local quantum operations and classical communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Ivan Šupić , Nicolas Brunner

It is known that the global state of a composite quantum system can be completely determined by specifying correlations between measurements performed on subsystems only. Despite the fact that the quantum correlations thus suffice to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Seevinck

Quantum correlations between spatially separated parts of a $d$-dimensional bipartite system ($d\geq 2$) have no classical analog. Such correlations, also called entanglements, are not only conceptually important, but also have a profound…

Employing a procedure called monitoring---via a completely positive trace-preserving map that is able to interpolate between weak and projective measurements---we investigate the resilience of the recently proposed realism-based nonlocality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 V. S. Gomes , R. M. Angelo

In contrast with classical physics, in quantum physics some sets of measurements are incompatible in the sense that they can not be performed simultaneously. Among other applications, incompatibility allows for contextuality and Bell…

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf