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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

As large language models (LLMs) gain traction in healthcare, concerns about their susceptibility to demographic biases are growing. We introduce {DiversityMedQA}, a novel benchmark designed to assess LLM responses to medical queries across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Rajat Rawat , Hudson McBride , Dhiyaan Nirmal , Rajarshi Ghosh , Jong Moon , Dhruv Alamuri , Sean O'Brien , Kevin Zhu

Large Language Model (LLM) has gained popularity and achieved remarkable results in open-domain tasks, but its performance in real industrial domain-specific scenarios is average due to its lack of specific domain knowledge. This issue has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Zezhong Wang , Lu Wang , Jue Zhang , Mohit Garg , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in hiring, with large language models (LLMs) having the potential to influence or even make hiring decisions. However, this raises pressing concerns about bias, fairness, and trust,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Pooja S. B. Rao , Laxminarayen Nagarajan Venkatesan , Mauro Cherubini , Dinesh Babu Jayagopi

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit strong biases, e.g, against women or in favor of the number 7. We investigate whether LLMs would be able to output less biased answers when allowed to observe their prior answers to the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 An Vo , Mohammad Reza Taesiri , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Totti Nguyen

In recent years, multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an inseparable part of daily life, making it crucial for them to master the rules of conversational language in order to communicate effectively with users. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ghazal Kalhor , Behnam Bahrak

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

The emergence of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) marks significant strides towards achieving general artificial intelligence. However, these advancements are accompanied by concerns about biased outputs, a challenge that has yet to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sibo Wang , Xiangkui Cao , Jie Zhang , Zheng Yuan , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen , Wen Gao

Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential when employing large language models (LLMs) in high-risk domains such as clinical question answering (QA). In this work, we evaluate uncertainty estimation methods for clinical QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Alberto Testoni , Iacer Calixto

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) possessing increasingly impressive capabilities, a number of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have been proposed to augment LLMs with visual inputs. Such models condition generated text on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Phillip Howard , Kathleen C. Fraser , Anahita Bhiwandiwalla , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Recent advances in Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced cross-lingual conversational capabilities, yet modeling culturally nuanced and context-dependent communication remains a critical bottleneck.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Md. Asaduzzaman Shuvo , Mahedi Hasan , Md. Tashin Parvez , Azizul Haque Noman , Md. Shafayet Hossain Ovi

Recent progress in NLP research has demonstrated remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. While recent multilingual benchmarks have advanced cultural evaluation for LLMs, critical gaps remain in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nafis Chowdhury , Moinul Haque , Anika Ahmed , Nazia Tasnim , Md. Istiak Hossain Shihab , Sajjadur Rahman , Farig Sadeque

Large language models (LLMs) need to serve everyone, including a global majority of non-English speakers. However, most LLMs today, and open LLMs in particular, are often intended for use in just English (e.g. Llama2, Mistral) or a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Carolin Holtermann , Paul Röttger , Timm Dill , Anne Lauscher

Large language models predominantly reflect Western cultures, largely due to the dominance of English-centric training data. This imbalance presents a significant challenge, as LLMs are increasingly used across diverse contexts without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Erfan Moosavi Monazzah , Vahid Rahimzadeh , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Azadeh Shakery , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and medical LLMs (Med-LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on general medical benchmarks. However, their capabilities in specialized medical fields, such as dentistry which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hengchuan Zhu , Yihuan Xu , Yichen Li , Zijie Meng , Zuozhu Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are used worldwide, yet exhibit Western cultural tendencies. Many countries are now building ``regional'' or ``sovereign'' LLMs, but it remains unclear whether they reflect local values and practices or merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dhruv Agarwal , Anya Shukla , Sunayana Sitaram , Aditya Vashistha

As LLMs have become increasingly popular, they have been used in almost every field. But as the application for LLMs expands from generic fields to narrow, focused science domains, there exists an ever-increasing gap in ways to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Anurag Acharya , Sai Munikoti , Aaron Hellinger , Sara Smith , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in real-world decision-making processes, it becomes crucial to examine the extent to which they exhibit cognitive biases. Extensively studied in the field of psychology, cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 R. Alexander Knipper , Charles S. Knipper , Kaiqi Zhang , Valerie Sims , Clint Bowers , Santu Karmaker