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Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

Question-Answering (QA) models for low-resource languages like Bangla face challenges due to limited annotated data and linguistic complexity. A key issue is determining whether models rely more on pre-encoded (parametric) knowledge or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Umme Abira Azmary , MD Ikramul Kayes , Swakkhar Shatabda , Farig Yousuf Sadeque

Existing fairness benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on simple tasks, such as multiple-choice questions, overlooking biases that may arise in more complex scenarios like long-text generation. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wonje Jeung , Dongjae Jeon , Ashkan Yousefpour , Jonghyun Choi

Language is far more than a communication tool. A wealth of information - including but not limited to the identities, psychological states, and social contexts of its users - can be gleaned through linguistic markers, and such insights are…

There is widespread optimism that frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-augmented systems have the potential to rapidly accelerate scientific discovery across disciplines. Today, many benchmarks exist to measure LLM knowledge and…

Large language models (LLMs) frequently exhibit performance biases against regional dialects of low-resource languages. However, frameworks to quantify these disparities remain scarce. We propose a two-phase framework to evaluate dialectal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 K. M. Jubair Sami , Dipto Sumit , Ariyan Hossain , Farig Sadeque

For Large Language Models (LLMs), a disconnect persists between benchmark performance and real-world utility. Current evaluation frameworks remain fragmented, prioritizing technical metrics while neglecting holistic assessment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jun Wang , Ninglun Gu , Kailai Zhang , Zijiao Zhang , Yelun Bao , Jin Yang , Xu Yin , Liwei Liu , Yihuan Liu , Pengyong Li , Gary G. Yen , Junchi Yan

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly propelled progress in natural language processing (NLP). However, their effectiveness in specialized, low-resource domains-such as Arabic legal contexts-remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Adil Bahaj , Mounir Ghogho

Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open-domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Shayne Longpre , Yi Lu , Joachim Daiber

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the ways the general public accesses and consumes information. Their influence is particularly pronounced in pivotal sectors like healthcare, where lay individuals are increasingly appropriating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yiqiao Jin , Mohit Chandra , Gaurav Verma , Yibo Hu , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar

Assessing the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest, yet the evaluation of multiple models in real-world scenarios remains rare. Multilingual evaluation often relies on translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Varun Gumma , Ananditha Raghunath , Mohit Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) requires robust evaluation of their alignment with local values and ethical standards, especially as existing benchmarks often reflect the cultural, legal, and ideological values of their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gwenyth Isobel Meadows , Nicholas Wai Long Lau , Eva Adelina Susanto , Chi Lok Yu , Aditya Paul

While Large Language Models (LLM) have created a massive technological impact in the past decade, allowing for human-enabled applications, they can produce output that contains stereotypes and biases, especially when using low-resource…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Azmine Toushik Wasi , Raima Islam , Mst Rafia Islam , Taki Hasan Rafi , Dong-Kyu Chae

The proliferation of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) from various institutions has highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive evaluation methods. However, current evaluation platforms, such as the widely recognized HuggingFace…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Fanghua Ye , Mingming Yang , Jianhui Pang , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Emine Yilmaz , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their performance in multilingual and low-resource settings remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often exhibit cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our daily lives, but numerous concerns about bias in LLMs exist. This study examines how gender-diverse populations perceive bias, accuracy, and trustworthiness in LLMs,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aimen Gaba , Emily Wall , Tejas Ramkumar Babu , Yuriy Brun , Kyle Hall , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

Recent evaluations of Large language models (LLMs) audit social bias primarily through prompts that explicitly reference demographic attributes, overlooking whether models infer sensitive demographics from neutral questions. Such inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Srikant Panda , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Amit Agarwal , Hend Al-Khalifa , Sharefah Al-Ghamdi

The global deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about cultural misalignment, yet the linguistic properties of fine-tuning datasets used for cultural adaptation remain poorly understood. We adopt a dataset-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Reem I. Masoud , Chen Feng , Shunta Asano , Saied Alshahrani , Philip Colin Treleaven , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues