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Imaging through a single optical fiber offers attractive possibilities in many applications such as microendoscopy or remote sensing. However, the direct transmission of an image through an optical fiber is difficult because spatial…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-29 Roman Barankov , Jerome Mertz

Millimeter-wave (mmWave,>30 GHz) radars are the key enabler in the coming 6G era for high-resolution sensing and detection of targets. Photonic radar provides an effective approach to overcome the limitations of electronic radars thanks to…

Purpose- High speed image processing is a challenging task for real-time applications such as product quality control of manufacturing lines. Smart image sensors use an array of in-pixel processors to facilitate high-speed real-time image…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 Ahmad Reza Danesh , Mehdi Habibi

Advanced electro-optic processing combines electrical control with optical modulation and detection. For quantum photonic applications these processes must be carried out at the single photon level with high efficiency and low noise.…

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is critical in nanotechnology, materials science, and biological imaging due to its high spatial resolution and depth of focus. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an essential parameter in SEM because it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 K. S. Sim , I. Bukhori , D. C. Y. Ong , K. B. Gan

Digital cameras and displays utilise picture elements (pixels) that perform a single function: detecting or emitting light intensity. To exploit the full information content of electromagnetic waves, more advanced elements are required.…

This paper presents a method for determination of interference filter parameters such as the effective refraction index and the maximal transmittance wavelength on the basis of image processing of a spectrogram produced by Spectrometer…

Space Physics · Physics 2010-02-16 Atanas Marinov Atanassov

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the surface of semiconductor photoanodes involves photo-generated holes that oxidize water. A certain fraction of the holes that reach the surface recombine with electrons from the conduction band,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-09 Dino Klotz , Daniel A. Grave , Avner Rothschild

While two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility has become a standard metric for single-photon sources, many optical quantum technologies require the generation and manipulation of larger photonic states. To date, efficiency…

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for many practical applications including material analysis and sensing. Existing IR spectroscopy techniques face challenges related to the inferior performance and the high cost of…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-13 Anna Paterova , Shaun Lung , Dmitry Kalashnikov , Leonid Krivitsky

Diverse applications in photonics and microwave engineering require a means of measurement of the instantaneous frequency of a signal. A photonic implementation typically applies an interferometer equipped with three or more output ports to…

Approximating kernel functions with random features (RFs)has been a successful application of random projections for nonparametric estimation. However, performing random projections presents computational challenges for large-scale…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ruben Ohana , Jonas Wacker , Jonathan Dong , Sébastien Marmin , Florent Krzakala , Maurizio Filippone , Laurent Daudet

Near infrared diffuse optical imaging can be performed in reflectance and transmission mode and relies on physical models along with measurements to extract information on changes in chromophore concentration. Continuous-wave near-infrared…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-03 Kaiser Niknam , Mannu Bardhan Paul , Mini Das

In ultra-fast astronomical observations featuring fast transients on sub-$\mu$s time scales, the conventional Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold, often fixed at $5\sigma$, becomes inadequate as observational window timescales shorten,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-24 Albert Wai Kit Lau , Leo W. H. Fung , George F. Smoot

Driven by machine-learning tasks neural networks have demonstrated useful capabilities as nonlinear hypothesis classifiers. The underlying technologies performing the dot product multiplication, the summation, and the nonlinear thresholding…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-01 Mario Miscuglio , Gina C. Adam , Duygu Kuzum , Volker J. Sorger

Photon number resolving (PNR) measurements are beneficial or even necessary for many applications in quantum optics. Unfortunately, PNR detectors are usually large, slow, expensive, and difficult to operate. However, if the input signal is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Nicholas M. Sullivan , Boris Braverman , Jeremy Upham , Robert W. Boyd

Signal reception of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) usually relies on electrical amplification of the electromotive force caused by nuclear induction. Here, we report up-conversion of a radio-frequency NMR signal to an optical regime using…

The challenging requirements of large scale quantum information processing using parametric heralded single photon sources involves maximising the interference visibility whilst maintaining an acceptable photon generation rate. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-26 Oliver F. Thomas , Will McCutcheon , Dara P. S. McCutcheon

Optical spectrometers have propelled scientific and technological advancements in a wide range of fields. While sophisticated systems with excellent performance metrics are serving well in controlled laboratory environments, many…

Optics · Physics 2021-08-05 Naresh Sharma , Govind Kumar , Vivek Garg , Rakesh G. Mote , Shilpi Gupta

In positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques appear particularly promising since they can provide accurate system model. The system model matrix which describes the relationship between…