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Optical spectroscopy plays an essential role across scientific research and industry for non-contact materials analysis1-3, increasingly through in-situ or portable platforms4-6. However, when considering low-light-level applications,…
The Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Devices (EMCCD), owing to their high quantum efficiency and spatial resolution, are widely used to study typical quantum optical phenomena and related applications. Researchers have already developed…
Visible photonic integrated circuits underpin applications ranging from AR/VR to quantum control, yet lack a high-resolution, nondestructive diagnostic comparable to the optical frequency-domain reflectometry used in infrared silicon…
The integrated optical circuit is a promising architecture for the realization of complex quantum optical states and information networks. One element that is required for many of these applications is a high-efficiency photon detector…
Phase is an intrinsic property of light, and thus a crucial parameter across numerous applications in modern optics. Various methods exist for measuring the phase of light, each presenting challenges and limitations-from the mechanical…
Optical interference is not only a fundamental phenomenon that has enabled new theories of light to be derived but it has also been used in interferometry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface…
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a fundamental tool to measure the performance of an image sensor. However, confusions sometimes arise between the two types of SNRs. The first one is the output-referred SNR which measures the ratio…
Intensity interferometry is a well known method in astronomy. Recently, a related method called incoherent diffractive imaging (IDI) was proposed to apply intensity correlations of x-ray fluorescence radiation to determine the 3D…
The detection of ultrafast optical and radio-frequency (RF) signals is crucial for applications ranging from high-speed communications to advanced sensing. However, conventional detectors are fundamentally constrained by their intrinsic…
A critical challenge for the integration of the optoelectronics is that photodetectors have relatively poor sensitivities at the nanometer scale. It is generally believed that a large electrodes spacing in photodetectors is required to…
The ultimate sensitivity of optical measurements is a key element of many recent works. Classically, it is mainly limited by the shot noise limit. However, a measurement setup that incorporates quantum mechanical principles can surpass the…
Surgical tumor resection aims to remove all cancer cells in the tumor margin and at centimeter-scale depths below the tissue surface. During surgery, microscopic clusters of disease are intraoperatively difficult to visualize and are often…
Spectral measurements in the infrared (IR) optical range provide unique fingerprints of materials which are useful for material analysis, environmental sensing, and health diagnostics. Current IR spectroscopy techniques require the use of…
Low-loss transmission and sensitive recovery of weak radio-frequency (rf) and microwave signals is an ubiquitous technological challenge, crucial in fields as diverse as radio astronomy, medical imaging, navigation and communication,…
Emerging applications of photonics in computing, sensing, and security increasingly demand complex input-output behaviors, including highly nonlinear transformations of optical signals. Traditional photonic systems rely on highly structured…
Neural probes are in vivo invasive devices that combine electrophysiology and optogenetics to gain insight into how the brain operates, down to the single neuron and its network activity. Their integration of stimulation sites and sensors…
Traditional full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is effective for rapid cross-sectional imaging but often suffers from incoherent signals due to imbalanced light intensities between the sample and reference arms. While the…
Neuromorphic, or spiking, processors are increasingly being considered for use in harsh, radiation-prone environments such as space and avionics, where energy efficiency and graceful degradation are essential. In this study, we propose and…
The propagation of light through opaque materials, served by periodic arrays of subwavelength holes, has revolutionized imaging and sensor technology with a breakthrough of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). The enhanced optical…
Advances in integrated photonics have enabled unprecedented level of control of light, powering a wide range of photonic technologies from communications and computing to precision metrology and quantum information. However, the…