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Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2EAD) systems, which learn to predict future trajectories directly from sensor data, are fundamentally challenged by the inherent spatio-temporal imbalance of trajectory data. This imbalance creates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhiyu Zheng , Shaoyu Chen , Haoran Yin , Xinbang Zhang , Jialv Zou , Xinggang Wang , Qian Zhang , Lefei Zhang

Tactical decision making for autonomous driving is challenging due to the diversity of environments, the uncertainty in the sensor information, and the complex interaction with other road users. This paper introduces a general framework for…

We propose GoalFlow, an end-to-end autonomous driving method for generating high-quality multimodal trajectories. In autonomous driving scenarios, there is rarely a single suitable trajectory. Recent methods have increasingly focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zebin Xing , Xingyu Zhang , Yang Hu , Bo Jiang , Tong He , Qian Zhang , Xiaoxiao Long , Wei Yin

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has emerged as a trend in the field of autonomous driving, promising a data-driven, scalable approach to system design. However, existing E2E-AD methods usually adopt the sequential paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiaosong Jia , Junqi You , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

End-to-end multi-modal planning is a promising paradigm in autonomous driving, enabling decision-making with diverse trajectory candidates. A key component is a robust trajectory scorer capable of selecting the optimal trajectory from these…

Nonlinear trajectory optimization algorithms have been developed to handle optimal control problems with nonlinear dynamics and nonconvex constraints in trajectory planning. The performance and computational efficiency of many trajectory…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Taewan Kim , Purnanand Elango , Danylo Malyuta , Behcet Acikmese

Trajectory planning for mobile robots in cluttered environments remains a major challenge due to narrow passages, where conventional methods often fail or generate suboptimal paths. To address this issue, we propose the adaptive trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hahjin Lee , Young J. Kim

The end-to-end (E2E) paradigm, which maps sensor inputs directly to driving decisions, has recently attracted significant attention due to its unified modeling capability and scalability. However, ensuring safety in this unified framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Jungho Kim , Jiyong Oh , Seunghoon Yu , Hongjae Shin , Donghyuk Kwak , Jun Won Choi

End-to-end learning has emerged as a transformative paradigm in autonomous driving. However, the inherently multimodal nature of driving behaviors and the generalization challenges in long-tail scenarios remain critical obstacles to robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Zhao , Yuze Fan , Ziguo Chen , Fei Gao , Zhenhai Gao

Machine learning-based forecasting models are commonly used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to predict traffic patterns and provide city-wide services. However, most of the existing models are susceptible to adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Fan Liu , Weijia Zhang , Hao Liu

Navigating an arbitrary-shaped ground robot safely in cluttered environments remains a challenging problem. The existing trajectory planners that account for the robot's physical geometry severely suffer from the intractable runtime. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yisheng Li , Longji Yin , Yixi Cai , Jianheng Liu , Fangcheng Zhu , Mingpu Ma , Siqi Liang , Haotian Li , Fu Zhang

The increasing complexity of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has led to significant interest in computational offloading to external infrastructures such as edge servers, vehicular nodes, and UAVs. These dynamic and heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ashab Uddin , Ahmed Hamdi Sakr , Ning Zhang

Designing effective control policies for autonomous systems remains a fundamental challenge, traditionally addressed through reinforcement learning or manual engineering. While reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ping Guo , Chao Li , Yinglan Feng , Chaoning Zhang

The integration of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) into existing human-driven traffic systems poses considerable challenges, especially within environments where human and machine interactions are frequent and complex, such as at unsignalized…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jiaqi Liu , Xiao Qi , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving robust and intelligent driving policies. However, existing end-to-end methods still face significant challenges, such as suboptimal decision-making in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiru Zheng , Yun Zhao , Zhan Gong , Hong Zhu , Shaohua Wu

Ground robots navigating in complex, dynamic environments must compute collision-free trajectories to avoid obstacles safely and efficiently. Nonconvex optimization is a popular method to compute a trajectory in real-time. However, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Oscar de Groot , Laura Ferranti , Dariu M. Gavrila , Javier Alonso-Mora

The classical setting of optimal control theory assumes full knowledge of the process dynamics and the costs associated with every control strategy. The problem becomes much harder if the controller only knows a finite set of possible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-27 Marc Aurèle Gilles , Alexander Vladimirsky

The autonomous driving community has witnessed a rapid growth in approaches that embrace an end-to-end algorithm framework, utilizing raw sensor input to generate vehicle motion plans, instead of concentrating on individual tasks such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Li Chen , Penghao Wu , Kashyap Chitta , Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger , Hongyang Li

Personalization, while extensively studied in conventional autonomous driving pipelines, has been largely overlooked in the context of end-to-end autonomous driving (E2EAD), despite its critical role in fostering user trust, safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ruiyang Hao , Bowen Jing , Haibao Yu , Zaiqing Nie
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