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Transformers have exhibited exceptional capabilities in sequence modeling tasks, leveraging self-attention and in-context learning. Critical to this success are induction heads, attention circuits that enable copying tokens based on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Francesco D'Angelo , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

In this work, we introduce the Prototypical Transformer (ProtoFormer), a general and unified framework that approaches various motion tasks from a prototype perspective. ProtoFormer seamlessly integrates prototype learning with Transformer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Cheng Han , Yawen Lu , Guohao Sun , James C. Liang , Zhiwen Cao , Qifan Wang , Qiang Guan , Sohail A. Dianat , Raghuveer M. Rao , Tong Geng , Zhiqiang Tao , Dongfang Liu

Clouds gather a vast volume of telemetry from their networked systems which contain valuable information that can help solve many of the problems that continue to plague them. However, it is hard to extract useful information from such raw…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Behnaz Arzani , Bita Rouhani

Comprehensive semantic segmentation is one of the key components for robust scene understanding and a requirement to enable autonomous driving. Driven by large scale datasets, convolutional neural networks show impressive results on this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Jan-Nico Zaech , Dengxin Dai , Martin Hahner , Luc Van Gool

The analysis of long sequence data remains challenging in many real-world applications. We propose a novel architecture, ChunkFormer, that improves the existing Transformer framework to handle the challenges while dealing with long time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Yue Ju , Alka Isac , Yimin Nie

We present Skill Transformer, an approach for solving long-horizon robotic tasks by combining conditional sequence modeling and skill modularity. Conditioned on egocentric and proprioceptive observations of a robot, Skill Transformer is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xiaoyu Huang , Dhruv Batra , Akshara Rai , Andrew Szot

Dynamical systems models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are increasingly popular in theoretical neuroscience for hypothesis-generation and data analysis. Evaluating the dynamics in such models is key to understanding their learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ruiqi Chen , Giacomo Vedovati , Todd Braver , ShiNung Ching

The Transformer architecture has become prominent in developing large causal language models. However, mechanisms to explain its capabilities are not well understood. Focused on the training process, here we establish a meta-learning view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xinbo Wu , Lav R. Varshney

Creating an essay based on a few given topics is a challenging NLP task. Although several effective methods for this problem, topic-to-essay generation, have appeared recently, there is still much room for improvement, especially in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Wang Qi , Rui Liu , Yuan Zuo , Yong Chen , Dell Zhang

Geometric organization of objects into semantically meaningful arrangements pervades the built world. As such, assistive robots operating in warehouses, offices, and homes would greatly benefit from the ability to recognize and rearrange…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Weiyu Liu , Chris Paxton , Tucker Hermans , Dieter Fox

Many machine learning systems are built to solve the hardest examples of a particular task, which often makes them large and expensive to run---especially with respect to the easier examples, which might require much less computation. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jessica B. Hamrick , Andrew J. Ballard , Razvan Pascanu , Oriol Vinyals , Nicolas Heess , Peter W. Battaglia

Multi-object manipulation problems in continuous state and action spaces can be solved by planners that search over sampled values for the continuous parameters of operators. The efficiency of these planners depends critically on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Rohan Chitnis , Leslie Pack Kaelbling , Tomás Lozano-Pérez

On-line handwritten character segmentation is often associated with handwriting recognition and even though recognition models include mechanisms to locate relevant positions during the recognition process, it is typically insufficient to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Michael Jungo , Beat Wolf , Andrii Maksai , Claudiu Musat , Andreas Fischer

Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning~(CDFSL) methods typically parameterize models with task-agnostic and task-specific parameters. To adapt task-specific parameters, recent approaches have utilized fixed optimization strategies, despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Suhyun Kang , Jungwon Park , Wonseok Lee , Wonjong Rhee

We present SegFormer, a simple, efficient yet powerful semantic segmentation framework which unifies Transformers with lightweight multilayer perception (MLP) decoders. SegFormer has two appealing features: 1) SegFormer comprises a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Enze Xie , Wenhai Wang , Zhiding Yu , Anima Anandkumar , Jose M. Alvarez , Ping Luo

Domain experts are increasingly employing machine learning to solve their domain-specific problems. This article presents six key challenges that a domain expert faces in transforming their problem into a computational workflow, and then…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Bentley James Oakes , Michalis Famelis , Houari Sahraoui

Nonlinear dynamical systems are complex and typically only simple systems can be analytically studied. In applications, these systems are usually defined with a set of tunable parameters and as the parameters are varied the system response…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Max M. Chumley , Firas A. Khasawneh

Automated metasurface design is increasingly important, and recent advances in language-model systems are opening a route toward agentic optical design. Yet modern metasurface applications, from metalenses and holography to optical…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-25 Bei Wu , Bo Xiong , Haiyao Luo , Yaqi Li , Li Zhang , Qiaolu Chen , Hongsheng Chen , Yihao Yang

Selecting or designing an appropriate domain adaptation algorithm for a given problem remains challenging. This paper presents a Transformer model that can provably approximate and opt for domain adaptation methods for a given dataset in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ryuichiro Hataya , Kota Matsui , Masaaki Imaizumi

Recent work in deep learning has opened new possibilities for solving classical algorithmic tasks using end-to-end learned models. In this work, we investigate the fundamental task of solving linear systems, particularly those that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Pietro Sittoni , Francesco Tudisco