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With the continue development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), there is a growing concern regarding representations that they encode internally. Analyzing these internal representations is referred to as model interpretation. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Hamed Behzadi-Khormouji , José Oramas

RNN models have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of text mining tasks. However, these models are often regarded as black-boxes and are criticized due to the lack of interpretability. In this paper, we enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Shuiwang Ji , Xia Hu

As deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, there is a growing concern for their reliability. Even highly trained, high-performant networks are not 100% accurate. However, it is very difficult to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Eduard Pinconschi , Divya Gopinath , Rui Abreu , Corina S. Pasareanu

Deep neural networks are the default choice of learning models for computer vision tasks. Extensive work has been carried out in recent years on explaining deep models for vision tasks such as classification. However, recent work has shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Anindya Sarkar , Anirban Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Interpretability of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential since it enables users to understand the overall strengths and weaknesses of the models, conveys an understanding of how the models will behave in the future, and how to diagnose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

In an ever expanding set of research and application areas, deep neural networks (DNNs) set the bar for algorithm performance. However, depending upon additional constraints such as processing power and execution time limits, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Nathan Dahlin , Krishna Chaitanya Kalagarla , Nikhil Naik , Rahul Jain , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to produce incorrect predictions with very high confidence on out-of-distribution inputs (OODs). This limitation is one of the key challenges in the adoption of DNNs in high-assurance systems such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-21 Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Sangdon Park , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Attribution techniques explain the outcome of an AI model by assigning a numerical score to its inputs. So far, these techniques have mainly focused on attributing importance to static input features at a single point in time, and thus fail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Paul Kobialka , Andrea Pferscher , Francesco Leofante , Erika Ábrahám , Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa , Einar Broch Johnsen

Most efforts in interpretability in deep learning have focused on (1) extracting explanations of a specific downstream task in relation to the input features and (2) imposing constraints on the model, often at the expense of predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Marco Bertolini , Djork-Arné Clevert , Floriane Montanari

Feature attribution has been a foundational building block for explaining the input feature importance in supervised learning with Deep Neural Network (DNNs), but face new challenges when applied to deep Reinforcement Learning (RL).We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Xuan Chen , Zifan Wang , Yucai Fan , Bonan Jin , Piotr Mardziel , Carlee Joe-Wong , Anupam Datta

The currently dominating artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, neural networks, builds on inductive statistical learning. Neural networks of today are information processing systems void of understanding and reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Lars Holmberg

Among many unsolved puzzles in theories of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), there are three most fundamental challenges that highly demand solutions, namely, expressibility, optimisability, and generalisability. Although there have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Hao Shen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are neural models that leverage the dependency structure in graphical data via message passing among the graph nodes. GNNs have emerged as pivotal architectures in analyzing graph-structured data, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xu Zheng , Farhad Shirani , Tianchun Wang , Wei Cheng , Zhuomin Chen , Haifeng Chen , Hua Wei , Dongsheng Luo

Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNNs) are often regarded as simple and intuitive architectures, yet they serve as the foundation for more complex models. Nonetheless, the lack of consensus on their interpretability continues to pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Thodoris Lymperopoulos , Denia Kanellopoulou

Interpretability aims to explain the behavior of deep neural networks. Despite rapid growth, there is mounting concern that much of this work has not translated into practical impact, raising questions about its relevance and utility. This…

Deep neural networks are becoming more and more popular due to their revolutionary success in diverse areas, such as computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. However, the decision-making processes of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Oana-Maria Camburu

Attribution methods can provide powerful insights into the reasons for a classifier's decision. We argue that a key desideratum of an explanation method is its robustness to input hyperparameters which are often randomly set or empirically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Naman Bansal , Chirag Agarwal , Anh Nguyen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) may outperform human brains in complex tasks, but the lack of transparency in their decision-making processes makes us question whether we could fully trust DNNs with high stakes problems. As DNNs' operations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Jung Hoon Lee