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Current audio-visual large language models (AV-LLMs) are predominantly restricted to 2D perception, relying on RGB video and monaural audio. This design choice introduces a fundamental dimensionality mismatch that precludes reliable source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhan Liu , Changli Tang , Yuxin Wang , Zhiyuan Zhu , Youjun Chen , Yiwen Shao , Tianzi Wang , Lei Ke , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Evaluations of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks and factual accuracy often focus on high-resource languages primarily because datasets for low-resource languages (LRLs) are scarce. In this paper, we present Uhura --…

Multimodal LLMs are turning their focus to video benchmarks, however most video benchmarks only provide outcome supervision, with no intermediate or interpretable reasoning steps. This makes it challenging to assess if models are truly able…

Explainability in automated student answer scoring systems is critical for building trust and enhancing usability among educators. Yet, generating high-quality assessment rationales remains challenging due to the scarcity of annotated data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiazheng Li , Artem Bobrov , Runcong Zhao , Cesare Aloisi , Yulan He

The ability to comprehend audio--which includes speech, non-speech sounds, and music--is crucial for AI agents to interact effectively with the world. We present MMAU, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal audio understanding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 S Sakshi , Utkarsh Tyagi , Sonal Kumar , Ashish Seth , Ramaneswaran Selvakumar , Oriol Nieto , Ramani Duraiswami , Sreyan Ghosh , Dinesh Manocha

Recent advances in large vision-language models have led to impressive performance in visual question answering and multimodal reasoning. However, it remains unclear whether these models genuinely perform grounded visual reasoning or rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Chengfei Wu , Ronald Seoh , Bingxuan Li , Liqiang Zhang , Fengrong Han , Dan Goldwasser

Document-based question answering (QA) increasingly includes abstract questions that require synthesizing scattered information from long documents or across multiple documents into coherent answers. However, this setting is still poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Shansong Zhou , Xinyang Wang , Shiwei Wang , Hulong Wu , Yixiang Fang

We present NeuroQA, a large-scale benchmark for visual question answering in 3D brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with 56,953 QA pairs from 12,977 subjects across 12 datasets. It spans ages 5-104 and five clinical domains:…

Effectiveness and interpretability are two essential properties for trustworthy AI systems. Most recent studies in visual reasoning are dedicated to improving the accuracy of predicted answers, and less attention is paid to explaining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) integrates acoustic and visual information to enhance robustness in adverse acoustic conditions. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have yielded competitive automatic speech recognition…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Fei Su , Cancan Li , Juan Liu , Wei Ju , Hongbin Suo , Ming Li

On the way towards general Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems that are able to answer arbitrary questions, the need arises for evaluation beyond single-metric leaderboards for specific datasets. To this end, we propose a browser-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Dirk Väth , Pascal Tilli , Ngoc Thang Vu

Recent progress in Vision Language Models (VLMs) has raised the question of whether they can reliably perform nonverbal reasoning. To this end, we introduce VRIQ (Visual Reasoning IQ), a novel benchmark designed to assess and analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tina Khezresmaeilzadeh , Jike Zhong , Konstantinos Psounis

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a core task for evaluating the capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Existing VQA benchmarks primarily feature clear and unambiguous image-question pairs, whereas real-world scenarios often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jihyoung Jang , Hyounghun Kim

Recent Audio Multimodal Large Language Models (Audio MLLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on speech benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these models genuinely process acoustic signals or rely on text-based semantic inference. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jiaqi Xiong , Yunjia Qi , Qi Cao , Yu Zheng , Yutong Zhang , Ziteng Wang , Ruofan Liao , Weisheng Xu , Sichen Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable ability to process not only text but also multimodal inputs such as speech and audio. However, most existing models primarily focus on analyzing input signals using text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Junyi Ao , Dekun Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Wenjie Feng , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Haizhou Li , Zhizheng Wu

In this paper, we work towards extending Audio-Visual Question Answering (AVQA) to multilingual settings. Existing AVQA research has predominantly revolved around English and replicating it for addressing AVQA in other languages requires a…

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) models have evolved at an impressive rate over the past few years, coming close to or matching human performance on some benchmarks. We argue that common evaluation metrics used by popular benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Armineh Nourbakhsh , Siddharth Parekh , Pranav Shetty , Zhao Jin , Sameena Shah , Carolyn Rose

Hallucination--defined here as generating statements unsupported or contradicted by available evidence or conversational context--remains a major obstacle to deploying conversational AI systems in settings that demand factual reliability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ashley Lewis , Andrew Perrault , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Michael White

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

The Audio Question Answering (AQA) task includes audio event classification, audio captioning, and open-ended reasoning. Recently, AQA has garnered attention due to the advent of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). Current literature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser