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Longitudinal observational patient data can be used to investigate the causal effects of time-varying treatments on time-to-event outcomes. Several methods have been developed for controlling for the time-dependent confounding that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-08 Ruth H. Keogh , Jon Michael Gran , Shaun R. Seaman , Gwyneth Davies , Stijn Vansteelandt

This paper studies semiparametric Bayesian inference for the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) within the difference-in-differences (DiD) research design. We propose two new Bayesian methods with frequentist validity. The first…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-17 Christoph Breunig , Ruixuan Liu , Zhengfei Yu

Bayesian and frequentist methods differ in many aspects, but share some basic optimality properties. In practice, there are situations in which one of the methods is more preferred by some criteria. We consider the case of inference about a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-25 Ao Yuan

In statistical practice, whether a Bayesian or frequentist approach is used in inference depends not only on the availability of prior information but also on the attitude taken toward partial prior information, with frequentists tending to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-02 David R. Bickel

In this paper, I apply the decision theory and empirical Bayesian approach to construct confidence intervals for selected populations when true parameters follow a mixture prior distribution. A loss function with two tuning parameters $k_1$…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-16 Zhigen Zhao

Nonlinear mixed effects models have become a standard platform for analysis when data is in the form of continuous and repeated measurements of subjects from a population of interest, while temporal profiles of subjects commonly follow a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-04 Se Yoon Lee

It has been argued for many years that models used to analyze data from crossover designs are not appropriate when simple carryover effects are assumed. Furthermore, a statistical model that could estimate complex carry-over effects in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 N. A. Cruz , K. Mylona , O. O. Melo

We propose a multi-metric flexible Bayesian framework to support efficient interim decision-making in multi-arm multi-stage phase II clinical trials. Multi-arm multi-stage phase II studies increase the efficiency of drug development, but…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-15 Suzanne M. Dufault , Angela M. Crook , Katie Rolfe , Patrick P. J. Phillips

Recent advances in interrupted time series analysis permit characterization of a typical non-linear interruption effect through use of generalized additive models. Concurrently, advances in latent time series modeling allow efficient…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-11 RJ Waken , Fengxian Wang , Sarah A. Eisenstein , Tim McBride , Kim Johnson , Karen Joynt-Maddox

When constructing a model to estimate the causal effect of a treatment, it is necessary to control for other factors which may have confounding effects. Because the ignorability assumption is not testable, however, it is usually unclear…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-07 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , Jared S. Murray

Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a useful approach to causal inference from observational studies when randomised controlled trials are not feasible. However, study heterogeneity of two association studies required in MR is often…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-16 Linyi Zou , Hui Guo , Carlo Berzuini

We introduce a framework for estimating causal effects of binary and continuous treatments in high dimensions. We show how posterior distributions of treatment and outcome models can be used together with doubly robust estimators. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-06 Joseph Antonelli , Georgia Papadogeorgou , Francesca Dominici

Consider a statistical problem where a set of parameters are of interest to a researcher. Then multiple confidence intervals can be constructed to infer the set of parameters simultaneously. The constructed multiple confidence intervals are…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-10 Taeho Kim , Edsel A. Pena

We investigate the frequentist coverage properties of Bayesian credible sets in a general, adaptive, nonparametric framework. It is well known that the construction of adaptive and honest confidence sets is not possible in general. To…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Judith Rousseau , Botond Szabo

The use of improper priors in the context of Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed models has been studied under the assumption of normality of the random effects. We study the propriety of the posterior under more flexible distributional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-24 F. J. Rubio

Following an extensive simulation study comparing the operating characteristics of three different procedures used for establishing equivalence (the frequentist "TOST", the Bayesian "HDI-ROPE", and the Bayes factor interval null procedure),…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-15 Harlan Campbell , Paul Gustafson

Since the turn of the century, approximate Bayesian inference has steadily evolved as new computational techniques have been incorporated to handle increasingly complex and large-scale predictive problems. The recent success of deep neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-14 Roy Shivam Ram Shreshtth , Arnab Hazra , Gourab Mukherjee

We present a method of constructing statistical intervals that obtain a natural middle ground between Bayesian and frequentist statistical intervals, previously unexplored in literature: To a p% Bayesian credible interval we should assign a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Tim Ritmeester

Dennis Lindley once said that there is only one thing worse than a frequentist, and that is an empirical Bayesian. The quip has the air of caricature, but its technical content is serious: empirical Bayes uses the same data twice, conflates…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Nicholas G. Polson , Vadim O. Sokolov , Daniel Zantedeschi

We propose a frequentist testing procedure that maintains a defined coverage and is optimal in the sense that it gives maximal power to detect deviations from a null hypothesis when the alternative to the null hypothesis is sampled from a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-07 Christian Bartels , Johanna Mielke , Ekkehard Glimm