Related papers: A Generalisation of Niven's Theorem for Trigonomet…

Niven's theorem asserts that $\{\cos(r\pi) \mid r\in \mathbb{Q}\}\cap \mathbb{Q}=\{0,\pm 1,\pm 1/2\}.$ In this paper, we use elementary techniques and results from arithmetic dynamics to obtain an algorithm for classifying all values in the…

We define a category whose objects are finite etale coverings of an algebraic stack and prove that it is a Galois category and that it allows one to compute the fundamental group of the stack. We then prove a Van Kampen theorem for…

Wigner's celebrated theorem, which is particularly important in the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, states that every bijective transformation on the set of all rank-one projections of a complex Hilbert space which preserves…

A fundamental theorem of linear algebra asserts that every basis for the vector space $\mathbb{R}^n$ has $n$ elements. In this expository note we present a theorem of W. G. Leavitt describing one way in which this invariant basis number…

We show that Lieb's concavity theorem holds more generally for any unitarily invariant matrix function $\phi:\mathbf{H}^n_+\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ that is monotone and concave. Concretely, we prove the joint concavity of the function $(A,B)…

This note states and proves a representation theorem for regular quantity functions, based on the theory of quantity spaces, thereby giving a new perspective on dimensional analysis and the classical $\pi$ theorem.

Given any two rational numbers $r_1$ and $r_2$, a necessary and sufficient condition is established for the three numbers $1$, $\cos (\pi r_1)$, and $\cos (\pi r_2)$ to be rationally independent. Extending a classical fact sometimes…

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a class P of continuous and periodic functions on R. The class P is defined so that second-order central differences of a function satisfy some concavity-type estimate. Although this definition…

Let $p$ a prime number. For all $N \in \mathbb{N}^{\ast}$ prime to $p$, let $k_{N}$ be a finite field of characteristic $p$ containing a primitive $N$-th root of unity. Let $X_{k_{N},N}=\text{ }\mathbb{P}^{1} - (\{0,\infty\} \cup…

Let $K/k$ be a finite Galois extension and $\pi = \fn{Gal}(K/k)$. An algebraic torus $T$ defined over $k$ is called a $\pi$-torus if $T\times_{\fn{Spec}(k)} \fn{Spec}(K)\simeq \bm{G}_{m,K}^n$ for some integer $n$. The set of all algebraic…

We generalise the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to higher dimensions. Our generalisation is based on the observation that the antiderivative of a function of $n$-variables is a solution of a partial differential equation of order $n$…

The Three Gap Theorem states that for any $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$ and $N \in \mathbb{N}$, the fractional parts of $\{ 0\alpha, 1\alpha, \dots, (N - 1)\alpha \}$ partition the unit circle into gaps of at most three distinct lengths. We prove…

The normal field extension Q(rho(n)), with the algebraic number rho(n) = 2 cos(pi/n) for natural n, is related to ratios of the lengths between diagonals and the side of a regular n-gon. This has been considered in a paper by P. Steinbach.…

The classical Fundamental Theorem of Affine Geometry states that for $n\geq 2$, any bijection of $n$-dimensional Euclidean space that maps lines to lines (as sets) is given by an affine map. We consider an analogous characterization of…

The classical Three Gap Theorem asserts that for a natural number n and a real number p, there are at most three distinct distances between consecutive elements in the subset of [0,1) consisting of the reductions modulo 1 of the first n…

The main purpose of this paper is to present a new and more uniform model-theoretic/combinatorial proof of the theorem ([5]): The randomization $T^{R}$ of a complete first-order theory $T$ with $NIP$ is a (complete) first-order continuous…

The author's idea of {\it algebraic compositeness} of fundamental particles, allowing to understand the existence in Nature of three fermion generations, is revisited. It is based on two postulates. i) For all fundamental particles of…

The theory of $N$-complexes is a generalization of both ordinary chain complexes and graded objects. Hence it yields deeper insight in the structure of these and offers a broader range of applications. This work generalizes the tensor…

In this article, we propose two algorithms for determining the Nielsen-Thurston classification of a mapping class $\psi$ on a surface $S$. We start with a finite generating set $X$ for the mapping class group and a word $\psi$ in $\langle X…

For a finite loop $Q$, let $P (Q)$ be the set of elements that can be represented as a product containing each element of $Q$ precisely once. Motivated by the recent proof of the Hall-Paige conjecture, we prove several universal…