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In the domain of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) emerges as a central challenge, aiming to convert audio signals into symbolic notations like musical notes or sheet music. This systematic review…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Fatemeh Jamshidi , Gary Pike , Amit Das , Richard Chapman

We present a hybrid neural network and rule-based system that generates pop music. Music produced by pure rule-based systems often sounds mechanical. Music produced by machine learning sounds better, but still lacks hierarchical temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Yifei Teng , An Zhao , Camille Goudeseune

Automatic cover detection -- the task of finding in a audio dataset all covers of a query track -- has long been a challenging theoretical problem in MIR community. It also became a practical need for music composers societies requiring to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Guillaume Doras , Geoffroy Peeters

Obtaining data to train robust artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for species classification can be challenging, particularly for rare species. Data augmentation can boost classification accuracy by increasing the diversity of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Gibbons , Emma King , Ian Donohue , Andrew Parnell

We propose a novel approach for the generation of polyphonic music based on LSTMs. We generate music in two steps. First, a chord LSTM predicts a chord progression based on a chord embedding. A second LSTM then generates polyphonic music…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Gino Brunner , Yuyi Wang , Roger Wattenhofer , Jonas Wiesendanger

Analysing music in the field of machine learning is a very difficult problem with numerous constraints to consider. The nature of audio data, with its very high dimensionality and widely varying scales of structure, is one of the primary…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Tracy Qian , Jackson Kaunismaa , Tony Chung

This paper presents an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that identifies recurring patterns -- referred to as ``music-words'' -- from symbolic music data. These patterns are fundamental to musical structure and reflect the cognitive…

AI music generation has advanced rapidly, with models like diffusion and autoregressive algorithms enabling high-fidelity outputs. These tools can alter styles, mix instruments, or isolate them. Since sound can be visualized as…

The mood of a song is a highly relevant feature for exploration and recommendation in large collections of music. These collections tend to require automatic methods for predicting such moods. In this work, we show that listening-based…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-24 Filip Korzeniowski , Oriol Nieto , Matthew McCallum , Minz Won , Sergio Oramas , Erik Schmidt

Music has a unique and complex structure which is challenging for both expert humans and existing AI systems to understand, and presents unique challenges relative to other forms of audio. We present LLark, an instruction-tuned multimodal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Josh Gardner , Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Rachel M. Bittner

The state-of-the-art methods for drum transcription in the presence of melodic instruments (DTM) are machine learning models trained in a supervised manner, which means that they rely on labeled datasets. The problem is that the available…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Mickael Zehren , Marco Alunno , Paolo Bientinesi

This study borrows and extends probabilistic language models from natural language processing to discover the syntactic properties of tonal harmony. Language models come in many shapes and sizes, but their central purpose is always the…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-06-25 David R. W. Sears , Filip Korzeniowski , Gerhard Widmer

In the domain of algorithmic music composition, machine learning-driven systems eliminate the need for carefully hand-crafting rules for composition. In particular, the capability of recurrent neural networks to learn complex temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Harish Kumar , Balaraman Ravindran

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) -- the task of converting music audio into note representations -- has seen rapid progress, driven largely by deep learning systems. Due to the limited availability of richly annotated music datasets,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lukáš Samuel Marták , Patricia Hu , Gerhard Widmer

Ear recognition task is known as predicting whether two ear images belong to the same person or not. In this paper, we present a novel metric learning method for ear recognition. This method is formulated as a pairwise constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Ibrahim Omara , Hongzhi Zhang , Faqiang Wang , Wangmeng Zuo

Music arrangement generation is a subtask of automatic music generation, which involves reconstructing and re-conceptualizing a piece with new compositional techniques. Such a generation process inevitably requires reference from the…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Ziyu Wang , Ke Chen , Junyan Jiang , Yiyi Zhang , Maoran Xu , Shuqi Dai , Xianbin Gu , Gus Xia

Spurred by the potential of deep learning, computational music generation has gained renewed academic interest. A crucial issue in music generation is that of user control, especially in scenarios where the music generation process is…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Stefan Lattner , Maarten Grachten

Automatic music transcription (AMT) aims to convert raw audio to symbolic music representation. As a fundamental problem of music information retrieval (MIR), AMT is considered a difficult task even for trained human experts due to overlap…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shenli Yuan , Lingjie Kong , Jiushuang Guo

Recent advances in AI music (AIM) generation services are currently transforming the music industry. Given these advances, understanding how humans perceive AIM is crucial both to educate users on identifying AIM songs, and, conversely, to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Flavio Figueiredo , Giovanni Martinelli , Henrique Sousa , Pedro Rodrigues , Frederico Pedrosa , Lucas N. Ferreira

In this work, we investigate an approach that relies on contrastive learning and music metadata as a weak source of supervision to train music representation models. Recent studies show that contrastive learning can be used with editorial…

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