Related papers: Prime Ideal Races With Several Competitors
One aspect of Chebyshev's bias is the phenomenon that a prime number, $ q $, modulo another prime number, $ p$, experimentally seems to be slightly more likely to be a nonquadratic residue than a quadratic residue. We thought it would be…
We propose a criterion that allows one to distinguish prime numbers from compound ones. This criterion is based on the counting of small quadratic residues.
In this paper, we present an empirical study on image recognition fairness, i.e., extreme class accuracy disparity on balanced data like ImageNet. We experimentally demonstrate that classes are not equal and the fairness issue is prevalent…
We study prime ideals in skew power series rings $T:=R[[y;\tau,\delta]]$, for suitably conditioned right noetherian complete semilocal rings $R$, automorphisms $\tau$ of $R$, and $\tau$-derivations $\delta$ of $R$. These rings were…
The method of Murty and Cioab\u{a} shows how one can use results about gaps between primes to construct families of almost-Ramanujan graphs. In this paper we give a simpler construction which avoids the search for perfect matchings and thus…
In this paper, we explore cooperative and competitive coupled obstacle systems, which, up to now, are new type obstacle systems and formed by coupling two equations belonging to classical obstacle problem. On one hand, applying the…
In the present work we investigate the largest possible gaps between consecutive numbers which can be written as the difference of two primes. The best known upper bounds are the same as those concerning the largest possible difference of…
Machine learning models are increasingly used in critical decision-making applications. However, these models are susceptible to replicating or even amplifying bias present in real-world data. While there are various bias mitigation methods…
Consider $n$ players whose "scores" are independent and identically distributed values $\{X_i\}_{i=1}^n$ from some discrete distribution $F$. We pay special attention to the cases where (i) $F$ is geometric with parameter $p\to0$ and (ii)…
Parity binomial edge ideals of simple undirected graphs are introduced. Unlike binomial edge ideals, they do not have square-free Gr\"obner bases and are radical if only if the graph is bipartite or the characteristic of the ground field is…
We introduce a family of one-dimensional geometric growth models, constructed iteratively by locally optimizing the tradeoffs between two competing metrics, and show that this family is equivalent to a family of preferential attachment…
A deep conjecture of Montgomery and Soundararajan on the distribution of prime numbers in short intervals of length $h$ says that the third moment is bounded by $\ll h^{\frac {3}{2}-c}$ for some $c>0$. There is in the literature some…
For a principal ideal domain $A$, the Latimer--MacDuffee correspondence sets up a bijection between the similarity classes of matrices in $\operatorname{M}_{n}(A)$ with irreducible characteristic polynomial $f(x)$ and the ideal classes of…
The Fubini numbers count the permutations of horse racing where ties are possible. The closely related $r$-horse numbers count the finishes of a horse race where some subset of $r$ horses agree to finish the race in a specific relative…
Let F:K be a Galois extension of number fields and Q a prime ideal of O_F lying over the prime P of O_K. By analyzing the Q-adic closure of O_K in O_F we characterize those rings of integers O_K for which every residue class ring of…
A multiplicative subset $S$ of a ring $R$ is called \textit{strongly multiplicative} if $(\bigcap_{i\in\Delta}s_iR)\cap S \neq \emptyset$ for each family $(s_i)_{i\in\Delta}$ of elements in $S$. In this paper, we investigate how these sets…
We deal with classes of prime ideals whose associated graded ring is isomorphic to the Rees algebra of the conormal module in order to describe the divisor class group of the Rees algebra and to examine the normality of the conormal module.
We study the prime numbers that lie in Beatty sequences of the form $\lfloor \alpha n + \beta \rfloor$ and have prescribed algebraic splitting conditions. We prove that the density of primes in both a fixed Beatty sequence and a Chebotarev…
The main result of the paper is that assuming that the level $\theta$ of distribution of primes exceeds 1/2, then there exists a positive $d\leq C(\theta)$ such that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions with the property that…
We study almost complete intersections ideals whose Rees algebras are extremal in the sense that some of their fundamental metrics---depth or relation type---have maximal or minimal values in the class. The focus is on those ideals that…