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The fast proliferation of extreme-edge applications using Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms required dedicated hardware to satisfy extreme-edge applications' latency, throughput, and precision requirements. While inference is achievable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yvan Tortorella , Luca Bertaccini , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Francesco Conti

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer promising solutions for efficiently handling AI applications in energy-constrained edge environments. While traditional PIM designs enhance performance and energy efficiency by reducing data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sangmin Jeon , Kangju Lee , Kyeongwon Lee , Woojoo Lee

The growing demand for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, including laptops, smartphones, and embedded platforms, has exposed fundamental inefficiencies in existing accelerators. While GPUs handle prefill workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinane Bazzi , Mariam Rakka , Fadi Kurdahi , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

In this paper, we focus on three sparse matrix operations that are relevant for machine learning applications, namely, the sparse-dense matrix multiplication (SPMM), the sampled dense-dense matrix multiplication (SDDMM), and the composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Mohammad Zubair , Christoph Bauinger

Depth-map is the key computation in computer vision and robotics. One of the most popular approach is via computation of disparity-map of images obtained from Stereo Camera. Semi Global Matching (SGM) method is a popular choice for good…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Prathmesh Sawant , Yashwant Temburu , Mandar Datar , Imran Ahmed , Vinayak Shriniwas , Sachin Patkar

Largely due to their increased native capacity for numerical intensity and power efficiency, reduced-precision floating-point computing resources, primarily used in artificial intelligence (AI) applications, have expanded at a greater rate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Harun Bayraktar , Cole Brower , John Gunnels , Greg Henry , Cherin Joseph , Jack Kosaian , Dmitry Lyakh , Lukas Mosimann , Victor Podlozhnyuk , Addison Richards , Paul Springer , Haicheng Wu

Deep convolution Neural Network (DCNN) has been widely used in computer vision tasks. However, for edge devices even inference has too large computational complexity and data access amount. The inference latency of state-of-the-art models…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Kuan-Ting Lin , Ching-Te Chiu , Jheng-Yi Chang , Shi-Zong Huang , Yu-Ting Li

Fast approximations to matrix multiplication have the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of neural network inference. Recent work on approximate matrix multiplication proposed to replace costly multiplications with table-lookups by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Calvin McCarter , Nicholas Dronen

The Sparse GEneral Matrix-Matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) $C = A \times B$ is a fundamental routine extensively used in domains like machine learning or graph analytics. Despite its relevance, the efficient execution of SpGEMM on vector…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Valentin Le Fèvre , Marc Casas

Modern datacenters increasingly rely on low-power, single-slot inference accelerators to balance performance, energy efficiency, and rack density constraints. The NVIDIA T4 GPU has become widely deployed due to strong performance per watt…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kathiravan Palaniappan

Deep neural networks with large model sizes achieve state-of-the-art results for tasks in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP). However, these large-scale models are too compute- or memory-intensive for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Yang Hu , Connor Imes , Xuanang Zhao , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel , Stephen P. Crago , John Paul N. Walters

Quantum circuit simulation provides the foundation for the development of quantum algorithms and the verification of quantum supremacy. Among the various methods for quantum circuit simulation, tensor network contraction has been increasing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Hidetaka Manabe , Kenji Harada , Rio Yokota

Large Language Model (LLM) inference becomes resource-intensive, prompting a shift toward low-bit model weights to reduce the memory footprint and improve efficiency. Such low-bit LLMs necessitate the mixed-precision matrix multiplication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhiwen Mo , Lei Wang , Jianyu Wei , Zhichen Zeng , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Naifeng Jing , Ting Cao , Jilong Xue , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Implementing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices is a challenging task that requires tailored hardware accelerator architectures and a clear understanding of their performance characteristics when executing the…

Transformers have revolutionized AI in natural language processing and computer vision, but their large computation and memory demands pose major challenges for hardware acceleration. In practice, end-to-end throughput is often limited by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Qunyou Liu , Marina Zapater , David Atienza

Deploying mixed-precision neural networks on edge devices is friendly to hardware resources and power consumption. To support fully mixed-precision neural network inference, it is necessary to design flexible hardware accelerators for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Liang Zhao , Kunming Shao , Fengshi Tian , Tim Kwang-Ting Cheng , Chi-Ying Tsui , Yi Zou

Hybrid memory systems, comprised of emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) and DRAM, have been proposed to address the growing memory demand of applications. Emerging NVM technologies, such as phase-change memories (PCM), memristor, and 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Fei Wen , Mian Qin , Paul V. Gratz , A. L. Narasimha Reddy

In this paper, we present GradPIM, a processing-in-memory architecture which accelerates parameter updates of deep neural networks training. As one of processing-in-memory techniques that could be realized in the near future, we propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Heesu Kim , Hanmin Park , Taehyun Kim , Kwanheum Cho , Eojin Lee , Soojung Ryu , Hyuk-Jae Lee , Kiyoung Choi , Jinho Lee

The exponentially growing model size drives the continued success of deep learning, but it brings prohibitive computation and memory cost. From the algorithm perspective, model sparsification and quantization have been studied to alleviate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shigang Li , Kazuki Osawa , Torsten Hoefler

In-memory computing technology is used extensively in artificial intelligence devices due to lower power consumption and fast calculation of matrix-based functions. The development of such a device and its integration in a system takes a…