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Vision-threatening eye diseases pose a major global health burden, with timely diagnosis limited by workforce shortages and restricted access to specialized care. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise for medical image…
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly multimodal vision-language models (VLM), often exhibit intersectional biases where models are systematically less confident in diagnosing marginalised patient subgroups. Such bias…
Perimetric measurements provide insight into a patient's peripheral vision and day-to-day functioning and are the main outcome measure for identifying progression of visual damage from glaucoma. However, visual field data can be noisy,…
With the rising global burden of chronic diseases and the multimodal and heterogeneous clinical data (medical imaging, free-text recordings, wearable sensor streams, etc.), there is an urgent need for a unified multimodal AI framework that…
A new attention-based model for the gradient boosting machine (GBM) called AGBoost (the attention-based gradient boosting) is proposed for solving regression problems. The main idea behind the proposed AGBoost model is to assign attention…
The performance of diagnostic Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems for retinal diseases depends on the quality of the retinal images being screened. Thus, many studies have been developed to evaluate and assess the quality of such retinal…
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognised as a systemic disease characterised by coordinated dysfunction across metabolic, renal, lipid, and inflammatory pathways. Existing clinical assessments often fail to…
Fundus photography is prone to suffer from image quality degradation that impacts clinical examination performed by ophthalmologists or intelligent systems. Though enhancement algorithms have been developed to promote fundus observation on…
Generalist Medical AI (GMAI) systems have demonstrated expert-level performance in biomedical perception tasks, yet their clinical utility remains limited by inadequate multi-modal explainability and suboptimal prognostic capabilities.…
Glaucoma is an irreversible ocular disease and is the second leading cause of visual disability worldwide. Slow vision loss and the asymptomatic nature of the disease make its diagnosis challenging. Early detection is crucial for preventing…
When diagnosing the brain tumor, doctors usually make a diagnosis by observing multimodal brain images from the axial view, the coronal view and the sagittal view, respectively. And then they make a comprehensive decision to confirm the…
Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled diagnostics in maxillofacial pathology require structured, high-quality multimodal datasets. However, existing resources provide limited ameloblastoma coverage and lack the format consistency needed for…
Here, we examine the latest advances in glaucoma detection through Deep Learning (DL) algorithms using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This study focuses on three aspects of DL-based glaucoma…
Glaucoma is a chronic visual disease that may cause permanent irreversible blindness. Measurement of the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) plays a pivotal role in the detection of glaucoma in its early stage, preventing visual disparities. Therefore,…
This research work reveals the strengths of intertwining a deep custom convolutional neural network with a disruptive Vision Transformer, both fused together with a radical Cross-Attention module. Here, two high-yielding datasets for…
Objective: To report imaging protocol and scheduling variance in routine care of glioblastoma patients in order to demonstrate challenges of integrating deep-learning models in glioblastoma care pathways. Additionally, to understand the…
Retinal vessel segmentation is a fundamental step in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of various cardiovascular and ophthalmic diseases. Robustness is one of the most critical requirements for practical utilization, since the test images…
Gradient boosting from the field of statistical learning is widely known as a powerful framework for estimation and selection of predictor effects in various regression models by adapting concepts from classification theory. Current…
Graph-based methods are becoming increasingly popular in machine learning due to their ability to model complex data and relations. Insurance fraud is a prime use case, since fraudulent claims are often the result of organised criminals…
Accurate classification of medical device risk levels is essential for regulatory oversight and clinical safety. We present a Transformer-based multimodal framework that integrates textual descriptions and visual information to predict…