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Longitudinal biomarker data and health outcomes are routinely collected in many studies to assess how biomarker trajectories predict health outcomes. Existing methods primarily focus on mean biomarker profiles, treating variability as a…

Well protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionary unprecedented, and their survival far beyond reproductive age may be a byproduct rather than tool of evolution. Physical approach, which takes…

The probability that life spontaneously emerges in a suitable environment (abiogenesis) is one of the major unknowns in astrobiology. Assessing its value is impeded by the lack of an accepted theory for the origin of life, and is further…

We introduce a statistical framework for combining data from multiple large longitudinal cardiovascular cohorts to enable the study of long-term cardiovascular health starting in early adulthood. Using data from seven cohorts belonging to…

We consider random walks amongst random conductances in the cases where the conductances can be arbitrarily small, with a heavy-tailed distribution at 0, and where the conductances may or may not have a heavy-tailed distribution at…

Aging is a universal consequence of life, yet researchers have identified no universal theme. This manuscript considers aging from the perspective of entropy, wherein things fall apart. We first examine biological information change as a…

We generalize the standard Penna bit-string model of biological ageing by assuming that each deleterious mutation diminishes the survival probability in every time interval by a small percentage. This effect is added to the usual lethal but…

Life-expectancy is a complex outcome driven by genetic, socio-demographic, environmental and geographic factors. Increasing socio-economic and health disparities in the United States are propagating the longevity-gap, making it a cause for…

The research on mortality is an active area of research for any country where the conclusions are driven from the provided data and conditions. The domain knowledge is an essential but not a mandatory skill (though some knowledge is still…

Advances in healthcare and in the quality of life significantly increase human life expectancy. With the ageing of populations, new un-faced challenges are brought to science. The human body is naturally selected to be well-functioning…

Planned experiments are the gold standard in reliably comparing the causal effect of switching from a baseline policy to a new policy. One critical shortcoming of classical experimental methods, however, is that they typically do not take…

The pervasive use of prevalent cohort studies on disease duration, increasingly calls for appropriate methodologies to account for the biases that invariably accompany samples formed by such data. It is well-known, for example, that…

Human longevity leaders with remarkably long lifespan play a crucial role in the advancement of longevity research. In this paper, we propose a stochastic model to describe the evolution of the age of the oldest person in the world by a…

Mendelian randomization (MR) has become an essential tool for causal inference in biomedical and public health research. By using genetic variants as instrumental variables, MR helps address unmeasured confounding and reverse causation,…

Widespread population aging has made it critical to understand death rates at old ages. However, studying mortality at old ages is challenging because the data are sparse: numbers of survivors and deaths get smaller and smaller with age. We…

Mendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess whether a risk factor is a cause of a disease outcome. Increasingly, Mendelian randomization investigations are conducted on the basis of summarized…

Predicting an individual's aging trajectory is a central challenge in preventative medicine and bioinformatics. While machine learning models can predict chronological age from biomarkers, they often fail to capture the dynamic,…

In Alzheimer's disease research, for individuals who remain dementia-free through a given follow-up time, an important clinical question is how much longer they are likely to remain dementia-free. Quantiles of this remaining time provide…

It is common in medical studies that the outcome of interest is truncated by death, meaning that a subject has died before the outcome could be measured. In this case, restricted analysis among survivors may be subject to selection bias.…

Human life expectancy has dramatically improved over the course of the last century. Although this reflects a global improvement in sanitation and medical care, this also implies that more people suffer from diseases that typically manifest…