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Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains play a vital role in a pathologist's analysis of medical images, providing crucial diagnostic information for various diseases. Virtual staining from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-03 Sitong Liu , Kechun Liu , Samuel Margolis , Wenjun Wu , Stevan R. Knezevich , David E Elder , Megan M. Eguchi , Joann G Elmore , Linda Shapiro

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for untargeted, highly multiplexed molecular mapping of tissue in biomedical research. IMS offers a means of mapping the spatial distributions of molecular species in biological tissue with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Nir Pillar , Yuzhu Li , Lukasz G. Migas , Raf Van de Plas , Jeffrey M. Spraggins , Aydogan Ozcan

Many medical and biological protocols for analyzing individual biological cells involve morphological evaluation based on cell staining, designed to enhance imaging contrast and enable clinicians and biologists to differentiate between…

Chemical staining methods are dependable but require extensive time, expensive chemicals, and raise environmental concerns. These challenges highlight the need for alternative solutions like virtual staining, which accelerates the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Mehdi Ounissi , Ilias Sarbout , Jean-Pierre Hugot , Christine Martinez-Vinson , Dominique Berrebi , Daniel Racoceanu

Mitotic figure count is an important marker of tumor proliferation and has been shown to be associated with patients' prognosis. Deep learning based mitotic figure detection methods have been utilized to automatically locate the cell in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Jingtang Liang , Cheng Wang , Yujie Cheng , Zheng Wang , Fang Wang , Liyu Huang , Zhibin Yu , Yubo Wang

Modern histopathology relies on the microscopic examination of thin tissue sections stained with histochemical techniques, typically using brightfield or fluorescence microscopy. However, the staining of samples can permanently alter their…

Deep learning-based virtual staining was developed to introduce image contrast to label-free tissue sections, digitally matching the histological staining, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and destructive to tissue. Standard…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Tairan Liu , Keyi Cheng , Kevin de Haan , Yuzhu Li , Bijie Bai , Aydogan Ozcan

Histopathology, particularly hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining, plays a critical role in diagnosing and characterizing pathological conditions by highlighting tissue morphology. However, H\&E-stained images inherently lack molecular…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qing Wang , Wen-jie Chen , Bo Li , Jing Su , Guangyu Wang , Qianqian Song

Color inconsistency is an inevitable challenge in computational pathology, which generally happens because of stain intensity variations or sections scanned by different scanners. It harms the pathological image analysis methods, especially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Bingchao Zhao , Jiatai Lin , Changhong Liang , Zongjian Yi , Xin Chen , Bingbing Li , Weihao Qiu , Danyi Li , Li Liang , Chu Han , Zaiyi Liu

Virtual staining streamlines traditional staining procedures by digitally generating stained images from unstained or differently stained images. While conventional staining methods involve time-consuming chemical processes, virtual…

Purpose: In digital histopathology, virtual multi-staining is important for diagnosis and biomarker research. Additionally, it provides accurate ground-truth for various deep-learning tasks. Virtual multi-staining can be obtained using…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-15 Johannes Lotz , Nick Weiss , Jeroen van der Laak , Stefan Heldmann

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables gene expression mapping within anatomical context but remains costly and low-throughput. Hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining offers rich morphology yet lacks molecular resolution. We present…

We propose a virtual staining methodology based on Generative Adversarial Networks to map histopathology images of breast cancer tissue from H&E stain to PHH3 and vice versa. We use the resulting synthetic images to build Convolutional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-18 Caner Mercan , Germonda Reijnen-Mooij , David Tellez Martin , Johannes Lotz , Nick Weiss , Marcel van Gerven , Francesco Ciompi

Histological staining is a vital step used to diagnose various diseases and has been used for more than a century to provide contrast to tissue sections, rendering the tissue constituents visible for microscopic analysis by medical experts.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-08 Yijie Zhang , Kevin de Haan , Yair Rivenson , Jingxi Li , Apostolos Delis , Aydogan Ozcan

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the dominant framework for whole-slide image analysis in computational pathology, typically combining a frozen patch encoder, a projection layer, and a slide-level aggregator. While encoders and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-19 Yucheng Xing , Pei Liu , Jingying Ma , Ruping Hong , Jiangdong Qiu , Tianyu Liu , Kai He , Ling Huang , Mengling Feng

Virtual stain transfer is a promising area of research in Computational Pathology, which has a great potential to alleviate important limitations when applying deeplearningbased solutions such as lack of annotations and sensitivity to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jelica Vasiljević , Friedrich Feuerhake , Cédric Wemmert , Thomas Lampert

Foundation models have revolutionized computational pathology by achieving remarkable success in high-level diagnostic tasks, yet the critical challenge of low-level image enhancement remains largely unaddressed. Real-world pathology images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziyi Liu , Zhe Xu , Jiabo Ma , Wenqaing Li , Junlin Hou , Fuxiang Huang , Xi Wang , Ronald Cheong Kin Chan , Terence Tsz Wai Wong , Hao Chen

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable diagnostic tool for cancer pathology. However, it requires specialist labs and equipment, is time-intensive, and is difficult to reproduce. Consequently, a long term aim is to provide a digital method of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Christopher D. Walsh , Joanne Edwards , Robert H. Insall

Pathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained slides. Most commonly, the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is used in the diagnostic workflow and it is the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. However, in many cases,…

In whole slide imaging, commonly used staining techniques based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains accentuate different aspects of the tissue landscape. In the case of detecting metastases, IHC provides a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-30 Joseph Boyd , Irène Villa , Marie-Christine Mathieu , Eric Deutsch , Nikos Paragios , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis