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Large language models have demonstrated exceptional capability in natural language understanding and generation. However, their generation speed is limited by the inherently sequential nature of their decoding process, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Chenxi Sun , Hongzhi Zhang , Zijia Lin , Jingyuan Zhang , Fuzheng Zhang , Zhongyuan Wang , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang , Kun Gai , Deyi Xiong

Fine-tuning is the process of adapting the pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks. Due to substantial parameters, fine-tuning LLMs on mobile devices demands considerable memory resources, and suffers from high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Xinyu Huang , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Lingyang Song , Xuemin Shen

Recent mixed-policy optimization methods for LLM reasoning that interleave or blend supervised and reinforcement learning signals report improvements over the standard SFT-then-RL pipeline. We show that numerous recently published research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Alexis Limozin , Eduard Durech , Torsten Hoefler , Imanol Schlag , Valentina Pyatkin

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jian Chen , Yesheng Liang , Zhijian Liu

As one of the key tools in many security tasks, decompilers reconstruct human-readable source code from binaries. Yet, despite recent advances, their outputs often suffer from syntactic and semantic errors and remain difficult to read.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Muqi Zou , Hongyu Cai , Hongwei Wu , Zion Leonahenahe Basque , Arslan Khan , Berkay Celik , Dave , Tian , Antonio Bianchi , Ruoyu , Wang , Dongyan Xu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are criticized for the excessively lengthy Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to derive the final answer, suffering from high first-token and overall latency. Typically, the CoT of LRMs mixes multiple thinking units; each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zihao Zeng , Xuyao Huang , Boxiu Li , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

This chapter explores advancements in decoding strategies for large language models (LLMs), focusing on enhancing the Locally Typical Sampling (LTS) algorithm. Traditional decoding methods, such as top-k and nucleus sampling, often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jaydip Sen , Saptarshi Sengupta , Subhasis Dasgupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large language models produce powerful text embeddings, but their causal attention mechanism restricts the flow of information from later to earlier tokens, degrading representation quality. While recent methods attempt to solve this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xueying Ding , Xingyue Huang , Mingxuan Ju , Liam Collins , Yozen Liu , Leman Akoglu , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) revolutionizes collaborative machine learning among Internet of Things (IoT) devices by enabling them to train models collectively while preserving data privacy. FL algorithms fall into two primary categories:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Liangkun Yu , Xiang Sun , Rana Albelaihi , Chaeeun Park , Sihua Shao

Collective communication is becoming increasingly important in data center and supercomputer workloads with an increase in distributed AI related jobs. However, existing libraries that provide collective support such as NCCL, RCCL, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Siddharth Singh , Keshav Pradeep , Mahua Singh , Cunyang Wei , Abhinav Bhatele

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) models have already reached a high degree of naturalness. However, the precision control of TTS inference is still challenging. Although instruction-based Text-to-Speech (Instruct-TTS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Sihang Nie , Xiaofen Xing , Jingyuan Xing , Baiji Liu , Xiangmin Xu

We study a class of aggregate-join queries with multiple aggregation operators evaluated over annotated relations. We show that straightforward extensions of standard multiway join algorithms and generalized hypertree decompositions (GHDs)…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-12-11 Manas Joglekar , Rohan Puttagunta , Christopher Ré

The performance gains obtained by large language models (LLMs) are closely linked to their substantial computational and memory requirements. Quantized LLMs offer significant advantages with extremely quantized models, motivating the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ahmed J. Abdelmaksoud , Cristian Sestito , Shiwei Wang , Themis Prodromakis

The advent of the Transformer architecture has propelled the growth of natural language processing (NLP) models, leading to remarkable achievements in numerous NLP tasks. Yet, the absence of specialized hardware like expansive GPU memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xiaofeng Wu , Jia Rao , Wei Chen

The state-of-the-art for training on-device language models for mobile keyboard applications combines federated learning (FL) with differential privacy (DP) via the DP-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (DP-FTRL) algorithm. Two variants of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 H. Brendan McMahan , Zheng Xu , Yanxiang Zhang

We propose WHISPER-GPT: A generative large language model (LLM) for speech and music that allows us to work with continuous audio representations and discrete tokens simultaneously as part of a single architecture. There has been a huge…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Prateek Verma

The emergence of multi-codebook neutral audio codecs such as Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) and Group Vector Quantization (GVQ) has significantly advanced Large-Language-Model (LLM) based Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems. These codecs are…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Rui Wang , Qianguo Sun , Tianrong Chen , Zhiyun Zeng , Junlong Wu , Jiaxing Zhang

It is common to reject undesired outputs of Large Language Models (LLMs); however, current methods to do so require an excessive amount of computation to re-sample after a rejection, or distort the distribution of outputs by constraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Daniel Melcer , Sujan Gonugondla , Pramuditha Perera , Haifeng Qian , Wen-Hao Chiang , Yanjun Wang , Nihal Jain , Pranav Garg , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras

Pretraining large language models effectively requires strategic data selection, blending and ordering. However, key details about data mixtures especially their scalability to longer token horizons and larger model sizes remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Steven Feng , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Kezhi Kong , Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro