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Detecting AI-generated images with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has gained increasing attention, due to their rich world knowledge, common-sense reasoning, and potential for explainability. However, naively applying those MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaiqing Lin , Zhiyuan Yan , Ruoxin Chen , Junyan Ye , Ke-Yue Zhang , Yue Zhou , Peng Jin , Bin Li , Taiping Yao , Shouhong Ding

Automated textual description of remote sensing images is crucial for unlocking their full potential in diverse applications, from environmental monitoring to urban planning and disaster management. However, existing studies in remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaiyu Li , Zixuan Jiang , Xiangyong Cao , Jiayu Wang , Yuchen Xiao , Deyu Meng , Zhi Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong visual perception, yet remain limited in reasoning about space under changing viewpoints. We study this challenge as Perspective-Conditioned Spatial Reasoning (PCSR) in 360-degree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuangong Chen , Wai Keung Wong , Jiaxing Li , Ioannis Patras , Xu Zheng

Large vision-and-language models (VLMs) trained to match images with text on large-scale datasets of image-text pairs have shown impressive generalization ability on several vision and language tasks. Several recent works, however, showed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across various multimodal tasks. However, they suffer from a problem known as language prior, where responses are generated based solely on textual patterns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kang-il Lee , Minbeom Kim , Seunghyun Yoon , Minsung Kim , Dongryeol Lee , Hyukhun Koh , Kyomin Jung

Worldwide image geo-localization aims to infer the geographic location of an image captured anywhere on Earth, spanning street, city, regional, national, and continental scales. Existing methods rely on visual features that are sensitive to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Junchao Cui , Wenqi Shi , Shaoyong Du , Hang He , Xuanzi Ma , Hao Tang , Xiangyang Luo

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Remote sensing has evolved from simple image acquisition to complex systems capable of integrating and processing visual and textual data. This review examines the development and application of multi-modal language models (MLLMs) in remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xintian Sun , Benji Peng , Charles Zhang , Fei Jin , Qian Niu , Junyu Liu , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu , Xinyuan Song , Yichao Zhang

We introduce Blueprint-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate spatial reasoning capabilities in AI models through the task of converting apartment photographs into accurate 2D floor plans. While the input modality (photographs) is well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lukas Petersson , Axel Backlund , Axel Wennstöm , Hanna Petersson , Callum Sharrock , Arash Dabiri

Camera pose estimation in known scenes is a 3D geometry task recently tackled by multiple learning algorithms. Many regress precise geometric quantities, like poses or 3D points, from an input image. This either fails to generalize to new…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively tuned to mitigate explicit biases, yet they often exhibit subtle implicit biases rooted in their pre-training data. Rather than directly probing LLMs with human-crafted questions that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Harsh Nishant Lalai , Raj Sanjay Shah , Jiaxin Pei , Sashank Varma , Yi-Chia Wang , Ali Emami

Large Vision--Language Models (LVLMs) hold great promise for advancing optical remote sensing (RS) analysis, yet existing reasoning segmentation frameworks couple linguistic reasoning and pixel prediction through end-to-end supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xu Zhang , Junyao Ge , Yang Zheng , Kaitai Guo , Jimin Liang

Assessing the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to plan and reason within the constraints of interactive environments is crucial for developing capable AI agents. We introduce $\textbf{LLM-BabyBench}$, a new benchmark suite designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Omar Choukrani , Idriss Malek , Daniil Orel , Zhuohan Xie , Zangir Iklassov , Martin Takáč , Salem Lahlou

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are rapidly advancing in their capability to answer information-seeking questions. As these models are widely deployed in consumer applications, they could lead to new privacy risks due to emergent abilities to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ethan Mendes , Yang Chen , James Hays , Sauvik Das , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter

Multi-step spatial reasoning entails understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships across multiple sequential steps, which is crucial for tackling complex real-world applications, such as robotic manipulation, autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kexian Tang , Junyao Gao , Yanhong Zeng , Haodong Duan , Yanan Sun , Zhening Xing , Wenran Liu , Kaifeng Lyu , Kai Chen

With the growing demand for spatiotemporal data processing and geospatial modeling, automating geospatial code generation has become essential for productivity. Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code generation but face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shuyang Hou , Zhangxiao Shen , Jianyuan Liang , Anqi Zhao , Zhipeng Gui , Rui Li , Huayi Wu

This paper proposes ReaGeo, an end-to-end geocoding framework based on large language models, designed to overcome the limitations of traditional multi-stage approaches that rely on text or vector similarity retrieval over geographic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jian Cui , Zhiyuan Ren , Desheng Weng , Yongqi Zhao , Gong Wenbin , Yu Lei , Zhenning Dong

We present NoReGeo, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the intrinsic geometric understanding of large language models (LLMs) without relying on reasoning or algebraic computation. Unlike existing benchmarks that primarily assess models'…

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are expected to be capable of reasoning with commonsense knowledge as human beings. One example is that humans can reason where and when an image is taken based on their knowledge. This makes us wonder if,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Gengyuan Zhang , Yurui Zhang , Kerui Zhang , Volker Tresp