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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced static visual--spatial reasoning, yet they often fail to preserve long-horizon spatial coherence in embodied settings where beliefs must be continuously revised from egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chih-Ting Liao , Xi Xiao , Chunlei Meng , Zhangquan Chen , Yitong Qiao , Weilin Zhou , Tianyang Wang , Xu Zheng , Xin Cao

Visual place recognition is essential for vision-based robot localization and SLAM. Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years, place recognition in changing environments remains challenging. A promising approach to cope with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Reihaneh Mirjalili , Michael Krawez , Wolfram Burgard

Camera relocalization, a cornerstone capability of modern computer vision, accurately determines a camera's position and orientation (6-DoF) from images and is essential for applications in augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhendong Xiao , Wu Wei , Shujie Ji , Shan Yang , Changhao Chen

Recent advances in Visual Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in visual reasoning tasks. However, geo-localization presents unique challenges, requiring the extraction of multigranular visual cues from images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chun Wang , Xiaojun Ye , Xiaoran Pan , Zihao Pan , Haofan Wang , Yiren Song

Estimating the location where an image was taken based solely on the contents of the image is a challenging task, even for humans, as properly labeling an image in such a fashion relies heavily on contextual information, and is not as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Jesse M. Johns , Jeremiah Rounds , Michael J. Henry

Image geolocalization is the task of identifying the location depicted in a photo based only on its visual information. This task is inherently challenging since many photos have only few, possibly ambiguous cues to their geolocation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Paul Hongsuck Seo , Tobias Weyand , Jack Sim , Bohyung Han

The task of large-scale retrieval-based image localization is to estimate the geographical location of a query image by recognizing its nearest reference images from a city-scale dataset. However, the general public benchmarks only provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Yixiao Ge , Haibo Wang , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Hongsheng Li

The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has greatly accelerated the development of applications in understanding integrated texts and images. Recent works leverage image-caption datasets to train MLLMs, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mingxu Tao , Quzhe Huang , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that directly process RGB inputs for tasks like 3D localization and navigation have shown remarkable potential. However, we argue that these RGB-only approaches are fundamentally flawed in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Gongjie Zhang , Wenhao Li , Quanhao Qian , Jiuniu Wang , Deli Zhao , Shijian Lu , Ran Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency on general-purpose vision-language benchmarks, reaching or even exceeding human-level performance. However, these evaluations typically rely on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenjin Hou , Wei Liu , Han Hu , Xiaoxiao Sun , Serena Yeung-Levy , Hehe Fan

The Multi-Modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to an extension of the Large Language Model (LLM) equipped with the capability to receive and infer multi-modal data. Spatial awareness stands as one of the crucial abilities of MLLM,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Zhi Jin , Feng Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Chengfeng Dou , Zhengwei Tao , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

3D visual grounding has made notable progress in localizing objects within complex 3D scenes. However, grounding referring expressions beyond objects in 3D scenes remains unexplored. In this paper, we introduce Anywhere3D-Bench, a holistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tianxu Wang , Zhuofan Zhang , Ziyu Zhu , Yue Fan , Jing Xiong , Pengxiang Li , Xiaojian Ma , Qing Li

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on perception-oriented tasks, yet their ability to perform mathematical spatial reasoning, defined as the capacity to parse and manipulate two- and three-dimensional…

This paper presents Vision-Language Global Localization (VLG-Loc), a novel global localization method that uses human-readable labeled footprint maps containing only names and areas of distinctive visual landmarks in an environment. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Mizuho Aoki , Kohei Honda , Yasuhiro Yoshimura , Takeshi Ishita , Ryo Yonetani

Recent evaluations of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have explored their capabilities in various domains, with only few benchmarks specifically focusing on urban environments. Moreover, existing urban benchmarks have been limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Baichuan Zhou , Haote Yang , Dairong Chen , Junyan Ye , Tianyi Bai , Jinhua Yu , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Conghui He , Weijia Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in handling a variety of visual-language tasks. However, current MLLM benchmarks are predominantly designed to evaluate reasoning based on static information about a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Xiyao Wang , Yuhang Zhou , Xiaoyu Liu , Hongjin Lu , Yuancheng Xu , Feihong He , Jaehong Yoon , Taixi Lu , Gedas Bertasius , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao , Furong Huang

Recent advances in multi-modal large reasoning models (MLRMs) have shown significant ability to interpret complex visual content. While these models enable impressive reasoning capabilities, they also introduce novel and underexplored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Weidi Luo , Tianyu Lu , Qiming Zhang , Xiaogeng Liu , Bin Hu , Yue Zhao , Jieyu Zhao , Song Gao , Patrick McDaniel , Zhen Xiang , Chaowei Xiao

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain widespread use, establishing systematic and reliable evaluation methodologies for LLMs and vision-language models (VLMs) has become essential to ensure their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Feng , Jun Zhang , Tianhui Liu , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Junbo Yan , Yuwei Du , Siqi Guo , Yong Li

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang