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The second LIGO-Virgo catalog of gravitational wave transients has more than quadrupled the observational sample of binary black holes. We analyze this catalog using a suite of five state-of-the-art binary black hole population models…

As gravitational wave detectors improve, observations of black hole (BH) mergers will provide the joint distribution of their masses and spins. This will be a critical benchmark to validate formation scenarios. Merging binary BHs formed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-27 Pablo Marchant , Philipp Podsiadlowski , Ilya Mandel

It has been proposed that some black holes (BHs) in binary black hole (BBH) systems are born from "hierarchical mergers" (HM); i.e. earlier mergers of smaller BHs. These HM products have spin magnitudes $\chi \sim 0.7$, and, if they are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-25 Maya Fishbach , Chase Kimball , Vicky Kalogera

Gravitational-wave (GW) measurements of physical effects such as spin-induced quadrupole moments can distinguish binaries consisting of black holes from non-black hole binaries. While these effects may be poorly constrained for single-event…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-08 Muhammed Saleem , N. V. Krishnendu , Abhirup Ghosh , Anuradha Gupta , W. Del Pozzo , Archisman Ghosh , K. G. Arun

Binary black holes in which both spins are aligned with the binary's orbital angular momentum do not precess. However, the up-down configuration, in which the spin of the heavier (lighter) black hole is aligned (anti-aligned) with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-22 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa

The precessional motion of binary black holes can be classified into one of three morphologies, based on the evolution of the angle between the components of the spins in the orbital plane: Circulating, librating around 0, and librating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel , Khun Sang Phukon , N. V. Krishnendu , Anuradha Gupta

Hierarchical analysis of the binary black hole (BBH) detections by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors has offered an increasingly clear picture of their mass, spin, and redshift distributions. Fully understanding the formation and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-24 Thomas A. Callister , Carl-Johan Haster , Ken K. Y. Ng , Salvatore Vitale , Will M. Farr

Black hole (BH) binary mergers formed through dynamical interactions in dense star clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves for Advanced LIGO and Virgo. Here we present a fast numerical method for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-02 Fabio Antonini , Mark Gieles

One proposed formation channel for stellar mass black holes (BHs) is through hierarchical mergers of smaller BHs. Repeated mergers between comparable mass BHs leave an imprint on the spin of the resulting BH, since the final BH spin is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-02 Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz , Ben Farr

Two important parameters inferred from the gravitational wave signals of binaries of precessing black holes are the spin tilt angles, i.e., the angles at which the black holes' spin axes are inclined with respect to the binary's orbital…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-18 Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel , Sumeet Kulkarni , Anuradha Gupta

Understanding the astrophysical origins of binary black holes requires accurate and flexible modeling of multi-dimensional population properties. In this paper, using a data-driven framework based on binned Gaussian processes, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-01 Omkar Sridhar , Anarya Ray , Vicky Kalogera

We study the parameter estimation of gravitational waves for aligned-spin binary black hole (BBH) signals and assess the impact of bias that can be produced by using nonspinning template waveforms. We employ simple methods to calculate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-12 Hee-Suk Cho

The distribution of binary black hole (BBH) masses and its evolution with redshift provide key insights into the different formation channels of compact objects and their dependence on cosmic time and stellar properties such as metallicity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-12 Samsuzzaman Afroz , Suvodip Mukherjee

We revisit the population properties of neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers using low-mass compact binary coalescences reported through GWTC-4. Employing pyEFPE, an inspiral-only waveform model that captures both orbital eccentricity and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Gonzalo Morras , Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt

When two black holes merge in a dense star cluster, they form a new black hole with a well-defined mass and spin. If that "second-generation" black hole remains in the cluster, it will continue to participate in dynamical encounters, form…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-04 Carl L. Rodriguez , Michael Zevin , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Sourav Chatterjee , Kyle Kremer , Frederic A. Rasio , Claire S. Ye

Binary black hole (BBH) systems detected via gravitational-wave (GW) emission are a recently opened astrophysical frontier with many unknowns and uncertainties. Accurate reconstruction of the binary distribution with as few assumptions as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-22 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Mark Gieles

Recent gravitational wave (GW) detections showing signatures of eccentricity and spin precession underscore the need to model binary black holes (BBHs) possessing these features simultaneously. Most efforts over the past fifteen years to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Tom Colin , Sashwat Tanay , Laura Bernard

The astrophysical origins of the binary black hole systems seen with gravitational waves are still not well understood. However, features in the distribution of black-hole masses, spins, redshifts, and eccentricities provide clues into how…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-25 Christian Adamcewicz , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

The catalog of gravitational-wave events is growing, and so are our hopes of constraining the underlying astrophysics of stellar-mass black-hole mergers by inferring the distributions of, e.g., masses and spins. While conventional analyses…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-15 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa , Stephen R. Taylor

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaborations have reported gravitational wave signals from more than 150 binary black holes in the fourth catalog (GWTC-4). Here, we investigate the population properties of these binary black holes using the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-31 Vaibhav Tiwari
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