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Boosting nonlinear frequency conversion in extremely confined volumes remains a key challenge in nano-optics, nanomedicine, photocatalysis, and background-free biosensing. To this aim, field enhancements in plasmonic nanostructures are…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process that is not allowed in media with inversion sym-metry. However, due to the broken symmetry at the surface, surface SHG still occurs, but is generally small. We…

Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (SHG) is generally acknowledged as a powerful tool for the label-free 3D visualization of tissues and advanced materials, with one of its most popular applications being collagen imaging. Although the…

Highly polarized QSOs discovered in the Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) have been observed to determine the source(s) of optical polarization in this near-infrared color-selected sample. Broad emission lines are observed in the polarized…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Paul S. Smith , Gary D. Schmidt , Dean C. Hines , Craig B. Foltz

Recent experiments and calculations in topological semimetals have observed anomalously strong second-order optical nonlinearity, but yet whether the enhancement also occurs at surfaces of topological semimetals in general remains an open…

We analytically investigate the effect of a non-centrosymmetric geometry in the optical second harmonic (SH) generation from a particle made of a centrosymmetric material, in the interior of which quadratic optical processes are suppressed.…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-27 Raksha Singla , W. Luis Mochán

The performance of organic optoelectronic devices is critically dependent on how molecules orient within organic thin films. Yet, standard characterization techniques only reveal the first and second moments of the molecular orientation…

We present an analytical theory of second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid structures combining a nonlinear 2D crystal with a dielectric metasurface waveguide. The theory describes the excitation spectrum and enhancement of SHG at both…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-07 Egor S. Vyatkin , Sergey A. Tarasenko

Nonlinear imaging systems can surpass the limits of linear optics, but to date they have all relied on physical media (e.g. crystals) to work. These materials are all constrained by their physical properties, such as frequency selectivity,…

Optics · Physics 2015-07-31 Jen-Tang Lu , Alexandre S. Goy , Jason W. Fleischer

Phase matching is essential for efficient energy transfer in nonlinear wave-mixing processes. Traditional methods, such as birefringent and quasi-phase matching, have remained conceptually unchanged since their discovery over 60 years ago,…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-23 Danielle Ben-Haim , Mai Tal , Xiaoxi Xu , Tal Ellenbogen

Polarized light microscopy, as a contrast-enhancing technique for optically anisotropic materials, is a method well suited for the investigation of a wide variety of effects in solid-state physics, as for example birefringence in crystals…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-12-19 Matthias Lange , Stefan Guénon , Felix Lever , Reinhold Kleiner , Dieter Koelle

Second-order nonlinear optical interactions, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG), can reveal a wealth of information about chemical, electronic, and vibrational dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we…

We have developed a numerical method for calculating the second harmonic generation (SHG) generated by an anisotropic material whose optical properties present an arbitrary modulation in one dimension. The method is based on the Berreman…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-31 J. Ortega , C. L. Folcia , J. Etxebarria

The BiTeX family of polar van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors offers a unique platform for exploring the interplay between polar crystalline structure and nonlinear optical phenomena. Here, we utilize second harmonic generation (SHG)…

Nonlinear processes are at the core of many optical technologies including lasers, information processing, sensing, and security, and require optimised materials suitable for nanoscale integration. Here we demonstrate the emergence of a…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-03 B. Wells , A. Yu. Bykov , G. Marino , M. E. Nasir , A. V. Zayats , V. A. Podolskiy

Second-harmonic generation allows for coherently bridging distant regions of the optical spectrum, with applications ranging from laser technology to self-referencing of frequency combs. However, accessing the nonlinear response of a medium…

We show that a nonlinear optical response associated with a resonant, atomically thin material can be dramatically enhanced by placing it in front of a partially reflecting mirror, rendering otherwise weakly nonlinear systems suitable for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-25 Dominik S. Wild , Ephraim Shahmoon , Susanne F. Yelin , Mikhail D. Lukin

One objective of the Polstar spectropolarimetry mission is to characterize the degree of nonconservative mass transfer that occurs at various stages of binary evolution, from the initial mass reversal to the late Algol phase. The proposed…

We theoretically demonstrate the ability of electron beams to probe the nonlinear photonic response with nanometer spatial resolution, well beyond the capabilities of existing optical techniques. Although the interaction of electron beams…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 Andrea Konečná , Valerio Di Giulio , Vahagn Mkhitaryan , Claus Ropers , F. Javier García de Abajo

We present high resolution two-photon excitation microscopy studies combining two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) in order to probe orientational distributions of molecular ensembles at room temperature. A…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Veronique Le Floc'h , Sophie Brasselet , Jean-Francois Roch , Joseph Zyss