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The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a method of choice to solve the electronic structure problem for molecules on near-term gate-based quantum computers. However, the circuit depth is expected to grow significantly with problem…

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) solves the ground state problem of a given Hamiltonian by finding the parameters of a quantum circuit ansatz that minimizes the Hamiltonian expectation value. Among possible quantum circuit ans\"{a}tze,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Chae-Yeun Park

For a large number of tasks, quantum computing demonstrates the potential for exponential acceleration over classical computing. In the NISQ era, variable-component subcircuits enable applications of quantum computing. To reduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Junhan Qin

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising tool for simulating ground states of quantum many-body systems on noisy quantum computers. Its effectiveness relies heavily on the ansatz, which must be both hardware-efficient for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Alina Joch , Götz S. Uhrig , Benedikt Fauseweh

The hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is actively examined as a technique applicable even to intermediate-scale quantum computers. To execute this algorithm, the hardware efficient ansatz is often used, thanks to its implementability and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Kouhei Nakaji , Naoki Yamamoto

Whether parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) can be systematically constructed to be both trainable and expressive remains an open question. Highly expressive PQCs often exhibit barren plateaus, while several trainable alternatives admit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Peter Röseler , Dennis Willsch , Kristel Michielsen

We explore the application of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) to investigate the ground state properties, particularly the entanglement entropy, of the Transverse Field Ising Model (TFIM) in one, two, and three dimensions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ashutosh P. Tripathi , Nilmani Mathur , Vikram Tripathi

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize quantum chemistry and material science by offering solutions to complex problems unattainable with classical computers. However, the development of efficient quantum algorithms that are…

The hardware requirements of useful quantum algorithms remain unmet by the quantum computers available today. Because it was designed to soften these requirements, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has gained popularity as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Mafalda Ramôa

The state-of-the-art quantum computing hardware has entered the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Having been constrained by the limited number of qubits and shallow circuit depth, NISQ devices have nevertheless demonstrated the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Guanglei Xu , Yi-Bin Guo , Xuan Li , Zong-Sheng Zhou , Hai-Jun Liao , T. Xiang

Parameterized quantum circuits serve as ans\"{a}tze for solving variational problems and provide a flexible paradigm for programming near-term quantum computers. Ideally, such ans\"{a}tze should be highly expressive so that a close…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Zoë Holmes , Kunal Sharma , M. Cerezo , Patrick J. Coles

One promising application of near-term quantum devices is to prepare trial wavefunctions using short circuits for solving different problems via variational algorithms. For this purpose, we introduce a new circuit design that combines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), aiming at determining the ground state energy of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is among the most significant applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Ze-Tong Li , Fan-Xu Meng , Han Zeng , Zai-Chen Zhang , Xu-Tao Yu

Variational quantum algorithms are of special importance in the research on quantum computing applications because of their applicability to current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. The main building blocks of these…

In this paper, we propose an ansatz approximation approach for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) that uses one of the hardware's main attributes, its crosstalk behavior, as its main approximation driver. By utilizing crosstalk-adaptive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Mohannad Ibrahim , Nicholas T. Bronn , Gregory T. Byrd

Quantum algorithms are of great interest for their possible use in optimization problems. In particular, variational algorithms that use classical counterparts to optimize parameters hold promise for use in currently existing devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Bruno Oziel Fernandez , Rodrigo Bloot , Marcelo Moret

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are an essential tool in applying noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers to practical problems. VQCs are used as a central component in many algorithms, for example, in quantum machine learning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Joona V. Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Ilkka Tittonen

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground…

Quantum optimization algorithms offer a promising route to finding the ground states of target Hamiltonians on near-term quantum devices. None the less, it remains necessary to limit the evolution time and circuit depth as much as possible,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Chenfeng Cao , Yunlong Yu , Zipeng Wu , Nic Shannon , Bei Zeng , Robert Joynt