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With the advancement of technology, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, powering LLM-integrated applications like Microsoft Copilot. However, as LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Zihao Zheng , Yangqiu Song , Dekai Wu , Bryan Hooi

Medical image segmentation allows quantifying target structure size and shape, aiding in disease diagnosis, prognosis, surgery planning, and comprehension.Building upon recent advancements in foundation Vision-Language Models (VLMs) from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kanchan Poudel , Manish Dhakal , Prasiddha Bhandari , Rabin Adhikari , Safal Thapaliya , Bishesh Khanal

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have driven promising progress in lossless image compression. However, directly adopting existing paradigms for medical images suffers from an unsatisfactory trade-off between compression performance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Pengcheng Zheng , Xiaorong Pu , Kecheng Chen , Jiaxin Huang , Meng Yang , Bai Feng , Yazhou Ren , Jianan Jiang , Chaoning Zhang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

We introduce new jailbreak attacks on vision language models (VLMs), which use aligned LLMs and are resilient to text-only jailbreak attacks. Specifically, we develop cross-modality attacks on alignment where we pair adversarial images…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Erfan Shayegani , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

This study systematically analyzes the vulnerability of 36 large language models (LLMs) to various prompt injection attacks, a technique that leverages carefully crafted prompts to elicit malicious LLM behavior. Across 144 prompt injection…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their strong reasoning and planning capabilities, are widely used in embodied decision-making (EDM) tasks in embodied agents, such as autonomous driving and robotic manipulation. Recent research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yichen Wang , Hangtao Zhang , Hewen Pan , Ziqi Zhou , Xianlong Wang , Peijin Guo , Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Leo Yu Zhang

Recent steganographic schemes, starting with Meteor (CCS'21), rely on leveraging large language models (LLMs) to resolve a historically-challenging task of disguising covert communication as ``innocent-looking'' natural-language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Neil Perry , Sanket Gupte , Nishant Pitta , Lior Rotem

Vision-language models (VLMs) seamlessly integrate visual and textual data to perform tasks such as image classification, caption generation, and visual question answering. However, adversarial images often struggle to deceive all prompts…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xikang Yang , Xuehai Tang , Fuqing Zhu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have witnessed a surge in both research and real-world applications. However, as they are becoming increasingly prevalent, ensuring their robustness against adversarial attacks is paramount. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Shravan Nayak , Reza Bayat , Alexis Roger , Daniel Z Kaplan , Pouya Bashivan , Irina Rish

Current Cross-Modality Generation Models (GMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in various generative tasks. Given the ubiquity and information richness of vision modality inputs in real-world scenarios, Cross-Vision tasks, encompassing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Yichi Wang , Lingfeng Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Kaidi Xu , Mengshu Sun , Xiaoshuai Hao , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

Recent provably secure linguistic steganography (PSLS) methods rely on mainstream autoregressive language models (ARMs) to address historically challenging tasks, that is, to disguise covert communication as ``innocuous'' natural language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuang Qi , Na Zhao , Qiyi Yao , Benlong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), while powerful, are built and trained to process a single text input. In common applications, multiple inputs can be processed by concatenating them together into a single stream of text. However, the LLM is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Keegan Hines , Gary Lopez , Matthew Hall , Federico Zarfati , Yonatan Zunger , Emre Kiciman

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, representing the most significant security threat in production deployments. We present Prompt Fencing, a novel architectural approach that applies cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Steven Peh

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in multimodal reasoning and many real-world applications, such as visual question answering. However, LVLMs are highly vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

With Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models demonstrating powerful multimodal interaction capabilities, the application scenarios of neural networks are no longer confined to unimodal domains but have expanded to more complex multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Haonan Zheng , Xinyang Deng , Wen Jiang , Wenrui Li

Autoregressive Visual Language Models (VLMs) showcase impressive few-shot learning capabilities in a multimodal context. Recently, multimodal instruction tuning has been proposed to further enhance instruction-following abilities. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jiawei Liang , Siyuan Liang , Man Luo , Aishan Liu , Dongchen Han , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao