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The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

We study typographic prompt injection attacks on vision-language models (VLMs), where adversarial text is rendered as images to bypass safety mechanisms, posing a growing threat as VLMs serve as the perceptual backbone of autonomous agents,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ravikumar Balakrishnan , Sanket Mendapara , Ankit Garg

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) integrate visual information into large language models, showcasing remarkable multi-modal conversational capabilities. However, the visual modules introduces new challenges in terms of robustness for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yubo Wang , Chaohu Liu , Yanqiu Qu , Haoyu Cao , Deqiang Jiang , Linli Xu

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

We explore visual prompt injection (VPI) that maliciously exploits the ability of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to follow instructions drawn onto the input image. We propose a new VPI method, "goal hijacking via visual prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Subaru Kimura , Ryota Tanaka , Shumpei Miyawaki , Jun Suzuki , Keisuke Sakaguchi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world intelligent systems for perception and reasoning in open physical environments. While LVLMs are known to be vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Ling , Kai Hu , Hangcheng Liu , Xingshuo Han , Tianwei Zhang , Changhai Ou

Vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong multimodal capabilities but have been found to be more susceptible to generating harmful content compared to their backbone large language models (LLMs). Our investigation reveals that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Qing Li , Jiahui Geng , Zongxiong Chen , Kun Song , Lei Ma , Fakhri Karray

Vision language models (VLMs) extend the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to cross-modal settings, yet remain highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks. Existing defenses predominantly rely on safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengxuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Gang Xu , Tao He , Hongjie Jiang , Ming Li

Generative large vision-language models (LVLMs) have recently achieved impressive performance gains, and their user base is growing rapidly. However, the security of LVLMs, in particular in a long-context multi-turn setting, is largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Christian Schlarmann , Matthias Hein

Vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous driving (AD) by enhancing reasoning capabilities. However, these models remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing research has primarily focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tianyuan Zhang , Lu Wang , Xinwei Zhang , Yitong Zhang , Boyi Jia , Siyuan Liang , Shengshan Hu , Qiang Fu , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Despite inheriting security measures from underlying language models, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) may still be vulnerable to safety alignment issues. Through empirical analysis, we uncover two critical findings: scenario-matched images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shuyang Hao , Bryan Hooi , Jun Liu , Kai-Wei Chang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Vision-language models (VLMs) may memorize undesirable information from training data, motivating growing interest in machine unlearning. In this work, we present the first systematic survey and robustness analysis of VLM unlearning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yujie Lin , Kaidi Jia , Jiayao Ma , Chengyi Yang , Jinsong Su

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) extend large language models with visual reasoning, but their multimodal design also introduces new, underexplored vulnerabilities. Existing multimodal red-teaming methods largely rely on brittle templates,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qilin Liao , Anamika Lochab , Ruqi Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

The emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) represents a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate detailed text descriptions from visual inputs. Despite their growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Weimin Lyu , Jiachen Yao , Saumya Gupta , Lu Pang , Tao Sun , Lingjie Yi , Lijie Hu , Haibin Ling , Chao Chen

The emergence of Vision Language Models (VLMs) is a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce detailed text descriptions based on visual inputs, yet it introduces new security…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Weimin Lyu , Lu Pang , Tengfei Ma , Haibin Ling , Chao Chen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance, yet their security remains insufficiently understood. Existing adversarial studies focus almost exclusively on the digital setting, leaving physical-world threats largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yingying Zhao , Chengyin Hu , Qike Zhang , Xin Li , Xin Wang , Yiwei Wei , Jiujiang Guo , Jiahuan Long , Tingsong Jiang , Wen Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid adoption in recent years, with industries increasingly relying on them to maintain a competitive advantage. These models excel at interpreting user instructions and generating human-like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Andrew Yeo , Daeseon Choi

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in understanding complex real-world scenarios and supporting data-driven decision-making processes. However, VLMs exhibit significant vulnerability against adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xiaosen Wang , Shaokang Wang , Zhijin Ge , Yuyang Luo , Shudong Zhang