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Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

Compared to fiber continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), atmospheric link offers the possibility of a broader geographical coverage and more flexible transmission.However, there are many negative features of the atmospheric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Shiyu Wang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Guihua Zeng

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

Nowadays, quantum communications provide a vast field of research in rapid expansion, with a huge potential impact on the future developments of quantum technologies. In particular, continuous variable systems, employing coherent-state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Michele N. Notarnicola

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

Although multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terahertz (THz) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is theoretically secure, practical vulnerabilities may arise due to detector imperfections. This paper explores a CV…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Leixin Wu , Congtian Deng , Jiayu Pan , Lingtao Zhang , Yanyan Feng , Runbo Zhao , Yang Shen , Yuying Zhang , Jian Zhou

We introduce a robust scheme for long-distance continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) in which we employ post-selection between distant parties communicating through the medium of an…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free-space optical links is a promising approach for secure communication, but its performance is limited by turbulence, pointing errors, and angular leakage that can be exploited by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) features a high key rate and compatibility with classical optical communication. Developing expandable and efficient CVQKD networks will promote the deployment of large-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Hai Zhong , Qianqian Hu , Zhiyue Zuo , Zhipeng Wang , Duan Huang , Ying Guo

We study a practical method to measure the shot noise in real time in Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) systems. The amount of secret key that can be extracted from the raw statistics depends strongly on this quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-13 Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Paul Jouguet

Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising quantum-safe alternative to classical asymmetric cryptography that enables two authenticated parties to establish a shared secret over a potentially eavesdropped quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Jonas Berl , Utku Akin , Erdem Eray Cil , Laurent Schmalen , Tobias Fehenberger

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

Here, we demonstrate that a practical Continuous Variables Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) protocol relying on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states features secret key rates that cannot be achieved with standard qubit Discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-24 Paul Jouguet , David Elkouss , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques

Quantum key distribution using weak coherent states and homodyne detection is a promising candidate for practical quantum-cryptographic implementations due to its compatibility with existing telecom equipment and high detection…

Practical implementations of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) extending beyond urban areas commonly use satellite links. However, the transmission of quantum states through the Earth's atmosphere is highly susceptible to noise, restricting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Florian Kanitschar , Marcus Huber

We propose and study the feasibility of wireless quantum key distribution (QKD) in indoor environments. Such systems are essential in providing wireless access to the developing quantum communications networks. We find a practical regime of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-15 Osama Elmabrok , Mohsen Razavi

Free-space quantum cryptography has the potential to enable global quantum communication. However, most existing continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CV-QSS) schemes rely on fiber channels. In this paper, we present a CV-QSS protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Fangli Yang , Liang Chang , Daowen Qiu , Minghua Pan , Wanjun Xiong