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We generalize quasi-arithmetic means beyond scalars by considering the gradient map of a Legendre type real-valued function. The gradient map of a Legendre type function is proven strictly comonotone with a global inverse. It thus yields a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Frank Nielsen

Conjugation, or Legendre transformation, is a basic tool in convex analysis, rational mechanics, economics and optimization. It maps a function on a linear topological space into another one, defined in the dual of the linear space by…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-02-18 M. Marques Alves , B. F. Svaiter

We introduce and study new transformations between two functions satisfying some basic growth properties and generalize the known lower and upper Legendre conjugate (or envelope). We also investigate how these transformations modify…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Gerhard Schindl

The Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (or WDVV) equations, as one would expect from an integrable system, has many symmetries, both continuous and discrete. One class - the so-called Legendre transformations - were introduced by Dubrovin.…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2020-12-15 Ian A. B. Strachan , Richard Stedman

For two generalized Frobenius manifolds related by a Legendre-type transformation, we show that the associated integrable hierarchies of hydrodynamic type, which are called the Legendre-extended Principal Hierarchies, are related by a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Si-Qi Liu , Haonan Qu , Youjin Zhang

This study focuses on convex functions and their generalized. Thus, we start this study by giving the definition of convex functions and some of their properties and discussing a simple geometric property. Then we generalize E-convex…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-04-27 Adem Kilicman , Wedad Saleh

The general framework of Legendre transformation is extended to the case of symplectic groupoids, using an appropriate generalization of the notion of generating function (of a Lagrangian submanifold).

dg-ga · Mathematics 2008-02-03 S. Zakrzewski

We first prove that the Legendre transform is the only continuous and $\mathrm{SL}(n)$ contravariant valuation that behaves as a conjugation of two important translations on super-coercive, lower semi-continuous, and convex functions. Then…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Jin Li

In this paper a class of classical Hamiltonian systems is geometrically formulated. This class is such that a Hamiltonian can be written as the sum of a kinetic energy function and a potential energy function. In addition, these energy…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-10 Shin-itiro Goto , Tatsuaki Wada

A closed-form formula is derived for the generalized Clebsch-Gordan integral $ \int_{-1}^1 {[}P_{\nu}(x){]}^2P_{\nu}(-x)\D x$, with $ P_\nu$ being the Legendre function of arbitrary complex degree $ \nu\in\mathbb C$. The finite Hilbert…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-07-21 Yajun Zhou

Normality equations describe Newtonian dynamical systems admitting normal shift of hypersurfaces. They were first derived in Euclidean geometry, then in Riemannian geometry. Recently they were rederived in more general case, when geometry…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruslan Sharipov

A class of second-order differential equations commonly arising in physics applications are considered, and their explicit hypergeometric solutions are provided. Further, the relationship with the Generalized and Universal Associated…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Keegan L. A. Kirk , Kyle R. Bryenton , Nasser Saad

Conformal transformations of a Euclidean (complex) plane have some kind of completeness (sufficiency) for the solution of many mathematical and physical-mathematical problems formulated on this plane. There is no such completeness in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. I. Garas'ko

We investigate metric projections and distance functions referring to convex bodies in finite-dimensional normed spaces. For this purpose we identify the vector space with its dual space by using, instead of the usual identification via the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-08-26 Vitor Balestro , Horst Martini , Ralph Teixeira

We study the existence of a natural `linearisation' process for generalised connections on an affine bundle. It is shown that this leads to an affine generalised connection over a prolonged bundle, which is the analogue of what is called a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Tom Mestdag , Willy Sarlet

Normality equations describe Newtonian dynamical systems admitting normal shift of hypersurfaces. These equations were first derived in Euclidean geometry. Then very soon they were rederived in Riemannian and in Finslerian geometry.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruslan Sharipov

In a partially ordered semigroup with the duality (or polarity) transform, it is possible to define a generalisation of continued fractions. General sufficient conditions for convergence of continued fractions with deterministic terms are…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-08 Ilya Molchanov

We apply recent knowledge and techniques of the new generalized upper and lower Legendre conjugates to the theory of weight functions in the sense of Braun-Meise-Taylor and study in detail the effects on the corresponding associated weight…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Gerhard Schindl

In this article we study Weinstein structures endowed with a Lefschetz fibration in terms of the Legendrian front projection. First we provide a systematic recipe for translating from a Weinstein Lefschetz bifibration to a Legendrian…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Roger Casals , Emmy Murphy

The relationship between the Hamiltonian and Lagrangean functions in analytical mechanics is a type of duality. The two functions, while distinct, are both descriptive functions encoding the behavior of the same dynamical system. One…

General Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 John E. Hurtado
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