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A parking function is a sequence $(a_1,\dots, a_n)$ of positive integers such that if $b_1\leq\cdots\leq b_n$ is the increasing rearrangement of $a_1,\dots,a_n$, then $b_i\leq i$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. In this paper we obtain some new results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Richard P. Stanley , Mei Yin

This work builds on the notion of record of rooted trees. We provide an alternative definition of parking functions, derive from it a record-preserving bijection between rooted trees and parking functions, and establish a join…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Adrián Lillo , Mercedes Rosas , Stefan Trandafir

In 1980, G. Kreweras gave a recursive bijection between forests and parking functions. In this paper we construct a nonrecursive bijection from forests onto parking functions, which answers a question raised by R. Stanley. As a by-product,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-03 Heesung Shin

We study the enumeration problem for different kind of tree parking functions introduced recently, called tree parking functions, tree parking distributions, prime tree parking functions, and prime tree parking distributions, for rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Alois Panholzer

Parking functions of length $n$ are well known to be in correspondence with both labelled trees on $n+1$ vertices and factorizations of the full cycle $\sigma_n=(0\,1\,\cdots\,n)$ into $n$ transpositions. In fact, these correspondences can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-19 John Irving , Amarpreet Rattan

In this paper, we explore parking distributions on caterpillar trees, focusing on two primary statistics: the number of lucky cars and the frequency with which cars prefer specific parking spaces. We use first-return decomposition to reveal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Amanuel T. Getachew

Suppose that $m$ drivers each choose a preferred parking space in a linear car park with $n$ spots. In order, each driver goes to their chosen spot and parks there if possible, and otherwise takes the next available spot if it exists. If…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-01 Richard Kenyon , Mei Yin

In this paper, we obtain a q-exponential generating function for inversions on parking functions via symmetric function theory and also through a direct bijection to rooted labeled forests. We then apply these techniques to unit interval…

We apply the concept of parking functions to rooted labelled trees and functional digraphs of mappings (i.e., functions $f : [n] \to [n]$) by considering the nodes as parking spaces and the directed edges as one-way streets: Each driver has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-21 Marie-Louise Bruner , Alois Panholzer

In genome rearrangement theory, one of the elusive questions raised in recent years is the enumeration of rearrangement scenarios between two genomes. This problem is related to the uniform generation of rearrangement scenarios, and the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Aida Ouangraoua , Anne Bergeron

Suppose that $m$ drivers each choose a preferred parking space in a linear car park with $n$ spots. In order, each driver goes to their chosen spot and parks there if possible, and otherwise takes the next available spot if it exists. If…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Mei Yin

We explore the link between combinatorics and probability generated by the question "What does a random parking function look like?" This gives rise to novel probabilistic interpretations of some elegant, known generating functions. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Persi Diaconis , Angela Hicks

We show that many theorems which assert that two kinds of partitions of the same integer $n$ are equinumerous are actually special cases of a much stronger form of equality. We show that in fact there correspond partition statistics $X$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Herbert S. Wilf

We develop direct bijections between the set $F_n^k$ of minimal factorizations of the long cycle $(0\,1\,\cdots\, kn)$ into $(k+1)$-cycle factors and the set $R_n^k$ of rooted labelled forests on vertices $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ with edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-13 John Irving , Amarpreet Rattan

In 2000, it was demonstrated that the set of $x$-parking functions of length $n$, where $x$=($a,b,...,b$) $\in \mathbbm{N}^n$, is equivalent to the set of rooted multicolored forests on [$n$]=\{1,...,$n$\}. In 2020, Yue Cai and Catherine H.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Wenkai Yang

This paper investigates two involutions on binary trees. One is the mirror symmetry of binary trees which combined with the classical bijection $\varphi$ between binary trees and plane trees answers an open problem posed by Bai and Chen.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-13 Yang Li , Zhicong Lin , Tongyuan Zhao

A parking function is a function $\pi:[n]\to [n]$ whose $i$th-smallest output is at most $i,$ corresponding to a parking procedure for $n$ cars on a one-way street. We refine this concept by introducing preference-restricted parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Jasper Bown , Peter Kagey , Alan Kappler , Michael E. Orrison , Jayden Thadani

We introduce type C parking functions, encoded as vertically labelled lattice paths and endowed with a statistic dinv'. We define a bijection from type C parking functions to regions of the Shi arrangement of type C, encoded as diagonally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-17 Robin Sulzgruber , Marko Thiel

Parking functions, classically defined in terms of cars with preferred parking spots on a directed path attempting to park there, arise in many combinatorial situations and have seen various generalizations. In particular, parking functions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-13 Roger Tian

Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$, and a designated vertex $q\in V$, the notion of a $G$-parking function (with respect to $q$) was independently developed and studied by various authors, and has recently gained renewed attention. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-01 Brian Benson , Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Prasad Tetali
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