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Speech-to-speech translation systems today do not adequately support use for dialog purposes. In particular, nuances of speaker intent and stance can be lost due to improper prosody transfer. We present an exploration of what needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan E. Avila , Nigel G. Ward

Currently, large language models (LLMs) predominantly focus on the text modality. To enable more natural human-AI interaction, speech LLMs are emerging, but building effective end-to-end speech LLMs remains challenging due to limited data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yun Hong , Yang Feng

End-to-end text-to-speech synthesis systems achieved immense success in recent times, with improved naturalness and intelligibility. However, the end-to-end models, which primarily depend on the attention-based alignment, do not offer an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Giridhar Pamisetty , K. Sri Rama Murty

We examine the speech modeling potential of generative spoken language modeling (GSLM), which involves using learned symbols derived from data rather than phonemes for speech analysis and synthesis. Since GSLM facilitates textless spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Joonyong Park , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Tomohiko Nakamura , Kentaro Seki , Detai Xin , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Language modeling studies the probability distributions over strings of texts. It is one of the most fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It has been widely used in text generation, speech recognition, machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengwei Wei , Yun-Cheng Wang , Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Advancements in spoken language processing have driven the development of spoken language models (SLMs), designed to achieve universal audio understanding by jointly learning text and audio representations for a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pedro Corrêa , João Lima , Victor Moreno , Lucas Ueda , Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa

In spoken dialogue, even if two current turns are the same sentence, their responses might still differ when they are spoken in different styles. The spoken styles, containing paralinguistic and prosodic information, mark the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Guan-Ting Lin , Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have gained considerable attention for Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), particularly with the emergence of ChatGPT. However, the direct adaptation of continuous speech to LLMs that process…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Haibin Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hung-yi Lee

This paper presents a method of decoupled pronunciation and prosody modeling to improve the performance of meta-learning-based multilingual speech synthesis. The baseline meta-learning synthesis method adopts a single text encoder with a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-15 Yukun Peng , Zhenhua Ling

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate text by transferring style attributes like formality resulting in formal or informal text. However, instructing LLMs to generate text that when spoken, is more intelligible in an acoustically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Anupama Chingacham , Miaoran Zhang , Vera Demberg , Dietrich Klakow

Large language models show that simple autoregressive training can yield scalable and coherent generation, but extending this paradigm to speech remains challenging due to the entanglement of semantic and acoustic information. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Current voice conversion (VC) methods can successfully convert timbre of the audio. As modeling source audio's prosody effectively is a challenging task, there are still limitations of transferring source style to the converted speech. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Zhichao Wang , Xinyong Zhou , Fengyu Yang , Tao Li , Hongqiang Du , Lei Xie , Wendong Gan , Haitao Chen , Hai Li

Prosody modeling is an essential component in modern text-to-speech (TTS) frameworks. By explicitly providing prosody features to the TTS model, the style of synthesized utterances can thus be controlled. However, predicting natural and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Chung-Ming Chien , Hung-yi Lee

Current instruction-tuned language models are exclusively trained with textual preference data and thus are often not aligned with the unique requirements of other modalities, such as speech. To better align language models with the speech…

Speech-language models (SLMs) offer a promising path toward unifying speech and text understanding and generation. However, challenges remain in achieving effective cross-modal alignment and high-quality speech generation. In this work, we…

Speech understanding is essential for interpreting the diverse forms of information embedded in spoken language, including linguistic, paralinguistic, and non-linguistic cues that are vital for effective human-computer interaction. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jing Peng , Yucheng Wang , Bohan Li , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Yangui Fang , Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xu Li , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu

Cross-speaker style transfer is crucial to the applications of multi-style and expressive speech synthesis at scale. It does not require the target speakers to be experts in expressing all styles and to collect corresponding recordings for…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Shifeng Pan , Lei He

Expressive speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is a key research topic in seamless communication, which focuses on the preservation of semantics and speaker vocal style in translated speech. Early works synthesized speaker style aligned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Hongyu Gong , Bandhav Veluri

Voice conversion (VC) aims to modify the speaker's timbre while retaining speech content. Previous approaches have tokenized the outputs from self-supervised into semantic tokens, facilitating disentanglement of speech content information.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhengyang Chen , Shuai Wang , Mingyang Zhang , Xuechen Liu , Junichi Yamagishi , Yanmin Qian

Training machines to understand natural language and interact with humans is one of the major goals of artificial intelligence. Recent years have witnessed an evolution from matching networks to pre-trained language models (PrLMs). In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Longxiang Liu