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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has become a fundamental component in many real-world applications. Among various ANNS algorithms, graph-based methods are state-of-the-art. However, ANNS often suffers from a significant drop in…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhiyuan Hua , Qiji Mo , Zebin Yao , Lixiao Cui , Xiaoguang Liu , Gang Wang , Zijing Wei , Xinyu Liu , Tianxiao Tang , Shaozhi Liu , Lin Qu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a critical component of modern AI systems, such as recommendation engines and retrieval-augmented large language models (RAG-LLMs). However, scaling ANNS to billion-entry datasets exposes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sitian Chen , Amelie Chi Zhou , Yucheng Shi , Yusen Li , Xin Yao

On-disk graph-based indexes are favored for billion-scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) due to their high performance and cost-efficiency. However, existing systems typically rely on a coupled storage architecture that…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiahao Lou , Shufeng Gong , Quan Yu , Hao Guo , Youyou Lu , Song Yu , Yanfeng Zhang , Tiezheng Nie , Ge Yu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

State-of-the-art algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) such as DiskANN, FAISS-IVF, and HNSW build data dependent indices that offer substantially better accuracy and search efficiency over data-agnostic indices by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Shikhar Jaiswal , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Ankit Garg , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Sheshansh Agrawal

The graph-based index has been widely adopted to meet the demand for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) for high-dimensional vectors. However, in dynamic scenarios involving frequent vector insertions and deletions, existing systems…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Song Yu , Shengyuan Lin , Shufeng Gong , Yongqing Xie , Ruicheng Liu , Yijie Zhou , Ji Sun , Yanfeng Zhang , Guoliang Li , Ge Yu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui

In high-dimensional vector spaces, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a key component in database and artificial intelligence infrastructures. Graph-based methods, particularly HNSW, have emerged as leading solutions among…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mengzhao Wang , Haotian Wu , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yifan Zhu , Wenchao Zhou

We present the first systematic investigation of graph reordering effects for graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on a GPU. While graph-based ANNS has become the dominant paradigm for modern AI applications, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yutaro Oguri , Mai Nishimura , Yusuke Matsui

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Cong Fu , Deng Cai

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has emerged as a crucial component of database and AI infrastructure. Ever-increasing vector datasets pose significant challenges in terms of performance, cost, and accuracy for ANNS services. None…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bing Tian , Haikun Liu , Yuhang Tang , Shihai Xiao , Zhuohui Duan , Xiaofei Liao , Xuecang Zhang , Junhua Zhu , Yu Zhang

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Retrieving points based on proximity in a high-dimensional vector space is a crucial step in information retrieval applications. The approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem, which identifies the $k$ nearest neighbors for a query,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Taekseung Kim , Guy E. Blelloch

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become vital to modern AI infrastructure, particularly in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) applications. Numerous in-browser ANNS engines have emerged to seamlessly integrate with popular…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Mugeng Liu , Siqi Zhong , Qi Yang , Yudong Han , Xuanzhe Liu , Yun Ma

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a crucial operation in databases and artificial intelligence. While graph-based ANNS methods like HNSW and NSG excel in performance, they assume uniform query distribution. However, in…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifan Zhu , Ruijie Zhao , Zhonggen Li , Baihua Zheng , Zhikun Zhang , Zhaoqiang Chen , Congcong Ge

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is essential for modern data-driven applications that require efficient retrieval of top-k results from massive vector databases. Although existing graph-based ANNS algorithms achieve a high recall…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yang Shi , Yiping Sun , Jiaolong Du , Xiaocheng Zhong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Hu

ANNS for embedded vector representations of texts is commonly used in information retrieval, with two important information representations being sparse and dense vectors. While it has been shown that combining these representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoyu Zhang , Jun Liu , Zhenhua Zhu , Shulin Zeng , Maojia Sheng , Tao Yang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Approximate nearest-neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have become increasingly critical for recent AI applications, particularly in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and agent-based LLM applications. In this paper, we present CRINN, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xiaoya Li , Xiaofei Sun , Albert Wang , Chris Shum , Jiwei Li

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of various graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search algorithms deployed on edge devices for real-time nearest neighbor search applications, such as smart city infrastructure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ali Ganbarov , Jicheng Yuan , Anh Le-Tuan , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le-Phuoc