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The practical utility of a quantum network depends on its ability to establish entanglement between arbitrary node pairs with quality sufficient to execute entanglement enabled tasks. This capability can be assessed globally, through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Md Sohel Mondal , Shashank Shekhar , Siddhartha Santra

Quantum computing is poised to redefine the algorithmic foundations of communication systems. While quantum superposition and entanglement enable quadratic or exponential speedups for specific problems, identifying use cases where these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Naoki Ishikawa , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Petar Popovski , Robert W. Heath

Layering, the protocol organization principle underpinning the classical Internet, is ill-suited to the Quantum Internet, built around entanglement, which is non-local and stateful. This paper proposes a quantum-native organizational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) holds immense promise in harnessing the potential of quantum computing by interconnecting multiple small quantum computers (QCs) through a quantum data network (QDN). Establishing long-distance quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Jie Xu

We develop new routing algorithms for a quantum network with noisy quantum devices such that each can store a small number of qubits. We thereby consider two models for the operation of such a network. The first is a continuous model, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kaushik Chakraborty , Filip Rozpedek , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum router is an essential ingredient in a quantum network. Here, we propose a new quantum circuit for designing quantum router by using IBM's five-qubit quantum computer. We design an equivalent quantum circuit, by the means of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Bikash K. Behera , Tasnum Reza , Angad Gupta , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We introduce a distributed resource allocation framework for the Quantum Internet that relies on feedback-based, fully decentralized coordination to serve multiple co-existing applications. We develop quantum network control algorithms…

Distributed quantum networks are not merely information conduits but intricate systems that embody the principles of quantum mechanics. In our study, we examine the underlying mechanisms of quantum connectivity within a distributed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Mst Shapna Akter , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Tasmin Karim , Md. Fahim Sultan , Emran Kanaan

Internet-scale quantum repeater networks will be heterogeneous in physical technology, repeater functionality, and management. The classical control necessary to use the network will therefore face similar issues as Internet data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Rodney Van Meter , Joe Touch , Dominic Horsman

Quantum networks are envisioned to enable reliable distribution and manipulation of quantum information across distances, forming the foundation of a future quantum internet. The fair and efficient allocation of communication resources in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Sounak Kar , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

The evolution of quantum computing technologies has been advancing at a steady pace in the recent years, and the current trend suggests that it will become available at scale for commercial purposes in the near future. The acceleration can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Quantum Information Networks (QINs) attract increasing interest, as they enable connecting quantum devices over long distances, thus greatly enhancing their intrinsic computing, sensing, and security capabilities. The core mechanism of a…

The complexity of large-scale 6G-and-beyond networks demands innovative approaches for multi-objective optimization over vast search spaces, a task often intractable. Quantum computing (QC) emerges as a promising technology for efficient…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sebastian Macaluso , Giovanni Geraci , Elías F. Combarro , Sergi Abadal , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Vallecorsa , Eduard Alarcón

Quantum networks constitute a major part of quantum technologies. They will boost distributed quantum computing drastically by providing a scalable modular architecture of quantum chips, or by establishing an infrastructure for measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Seid Koudia

Large-scale communication networks, such as the internet, rely on routing packets of data through multiple intermediate nodes to transmit information from a sender to a receiver. In this paper, we develop a model of a quantum communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Hlér Kristjánsson , Yan Zhong , Anthony Munson , Giulio Chiribella

This article summarises the current status of classical communication networks and identifies some critical open research challenges that can only be solved by leveraging quantum technologies. By now, the main goal of quantum communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Roberto Ferrara , Riccardo Bassoli , Christian Deppe , Frank H. P. Fitzek , Holger Boche

Quantum communication demands efficient distribution of quantum entanglement across a network of connected partners. The search for efficient strategies for the entanglement distribution may be based on percolation theory, which describes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-23 Michael Siomau

Entanglement distribution is a key functionality of the Quantum Internet. However, quantum entanglement is very fragile, easily degraded by decoherence, which strictly constraints the time horizon within the distribution has to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Jessica Illiano , Michele Viscardi , Marcello Caleffi

We first give a brief overview over quantum computing, quantum key distribution (QKD), a practical architecture that integrates (QKD) in current internet security architectures, and aspects of network security. We introduce the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Aoun , M. Tarifi