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Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved outstanding results in recent years, which has led a dramatic increase in the number of methods and applications. Recent works are exploring learning beyond single-agent scenarios and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Yunlong Lu , Kai Yan

Multiagent learning settings are inherently more difficult than single-agent learning because each agent interacts with other simultaneously learning agents in a shared environment. An effective approach in multiagent reinforcement learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Dong-Ki Kim , Matthew Riemer , Miao Liu , Jakob N. Foerster , Gerald Tesauro , Jonathan P. How

Two traditional paradigms are often used to describe the behavior of agents in multi-agent complex systems. In the first one, agents are considered to be fully rational and systems are seen as multi-player games. In the second one, agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Mickael Randour

Protecting cyberspace requires not only advanced tools but also a shift in how we reason about threats, trust, and autonomy. Traditional cybersecurity methods rely on manual responses and brittle heuristics. To build proactive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Quanyan Zhu

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the problem of learning to act is particularly difficult because the policies of co-players may be heavily conditioned on information only observed by them. On the other hand, humans readily form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Pol Moreno , Edward Hughes , Kevin R. McKee , Bernardo Avila Pires , Théophane Weber

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

Cooperation is fundamental in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), often requiring agents to balance individual gains with collective rewards. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate strategies to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vaigarai Sathi , Sabahat Shaik , Jaswanth Nidamanuri

Semantic communications (SC) is an emerging communication paradigm in which wireless devices can send only relevant information from a source of data while relying on computing resources to regenerate missing data points. However, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Walid Saad

Understanding how individual agents make strategic decisions within collectives is important for advancing fields as diverse as economics, neuroscience, and multi-agent systems. Two complementary approaches can be integrated to this end.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jaime Ruiz-Serra , Patrick Sweeney , Michael S. Harré

With autonomous vehicles (AV) set to integrate further into regular human traffic, there is an increasing consensus on treating AV motion planning as a multi-agent problem. However, the traditional game-theoretic assumption of complete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Atrisha Sarkar , Krzysztof Czarnecki

We introduce and formalize misalignment, a phenomenon of interactive environments perceived from an analyst's perspective where an agent holds beliefs about another agent's beliefs that do not correspond to the actual beliefs of the latter.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-01 Pierfrancesco Guarino , Gabriel Ziegler

This paper introduces a novel framework for modeling interacting humans in a multi-stage game. This "iterated semi network-form game" framework has the following desirable characteristics: (1) Bounded rational players, (2) strategic players…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2012-07-05 Ritchie Lee , David H. Wolpert , James Bono , Scott Backhaus , Russell Bent , Brendan Tracey

We propose a game-theoretic framework that incorporates both incomplete information and general ambiguity attitudes on factors external to all players. Our starting point is players' preferences on payoff-distribution vectors, essentially…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-04-04 Jian Yang

This paper presents a substantially reworked examination of how advanced game-theoretic paradigms can serve as a foundation for the next-generation challenges in Artificial Intelligence (AI), forecasted to arrive in or around 2025. Our…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Pavel Malinovskiy

We study interactions between agents in multi-agent systems, in which the agents are misinformed with regards to the game that they play, essentially having a subjective and incorrect understanding of the setting, without being aware of it.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Konstantinos Varsos , Merkouris Papamichail , Giorgos Flouris , Marina Bitsaki

Understanding decision-making in multi-AI-agent frameworks is crucial for analyzing strategic interactions in network-effect-driven contexts. This study investigates how AI agents navigate network-effect games, where individual payoffs…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yu Liu , Wenwen Li , Yifan Dou , Guangnan Ye

Effectively interpreting strategic interactions among multiple agents requires us to infer each agent's objective from limited information. Existing inverse game-theoretic approaches frame this challenge in terms of a "level-1" inference…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hamzah I. Khan , Jingqi Li , David Fridovich-Keil

We propose a game-theoretic framework for adaptive multi-agent intelligent systems. Unlike classical game theory, which often treats strategies as primitive objects chosen by perfectly rational agents, the proposed framework provides a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhe Sage Chen , Quanyan Zhu

This paper provides a comprehensive review of mainly GNN, DRL, and PTM methods with a focus on their potential incorporation in strategic multiagent settings. We draw interest in (i) ML methods currently utilized for uncovering unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Georgios Chalkiadakis , Charilaos Akasiadis , Gerasimos Koresis , Stergios Plataniotis , Leonidas Bakopoulos

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments in close proximity to humans, yet are largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Renos Zabounidis , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara