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Increasingly, web content is automatically generated by large language models (LLMs) with little human input. We call this "LLM-dominant" content. Since LLMs plagiarize and hallucinate, LLM-dominant content can be unreliable and unethical.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sichang Steven He , Ramesh Govindan , Harsha V. Madhyastha

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly deployed in real-world software engineering, fostering the development of code evaluation metrics to study the quality of LLM-generated code. Conventional rule-based metrics merely score…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ruiqi Wang , Xinchen Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Chun Yong Chong , Xin Xia , Qing Liao

We present WebMMU, a multilingual benchmark that evaluates three core web tasks: (1) website visual question answering, (2) code editing involving HTML/CSS/JavaScript, and (3) mockup-to-code generation. Unlike prior benchmarks that treat…

Ensuring web accessibility is crucial for advancing social welfare, justice, and equality in digital spaces, yet the vast majority of website user interfaces remain non-compliant, due in part to the resource-intensive and unscalable nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ming Gu , Ziwei Wang , Sicen Lai , Zirui Gao , Sheng Zhou , Jiajun Bu

English is the predominant language on the web, powering nearly half of the world's top ten million websites. Support for multilingual content is nevertheless growing, with many websites increasingly combining English with regional or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Masudul Hasan Masud Bhuiyan , Matteo Varvello , Yasir Zaki , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI become more widespread, the content safety risks associated with their use also increase. We find a notable deficiency in high-quality content safety datasets and benchmarks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Shaona Ghosh , Prasoon Varshney , Erick Galinkin , Christopher Parisien

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increased accessibility have made it easier than ever for students to automatically generate texts, posing new challenges for educational institutions. To enforce norms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lukas Gehring , Benjamin Paaßen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in code generation, offering developers groundbreaking automated programming support. However, LLMs often generate code that is syntactically correct and even semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yuchen Tian , Weixiang Yan , Qian Yang , Xuandong Zhao , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Ziyang Luo , Lei Ma , Dawn Song

Code review is a critical practice in modern software engineering, helping developers detect defects early, improve code quality, and facilitate knowledge sharing. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), a growing body…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Taufiqul Islam Khan , Shaowei Wang , Haoxiang Zhang , Tse-Hsun Chen

The increasing development of LLMs in code generation has drawn significant attention among researchers. To enhance LLM-based code generation ability, current efforts are predominantly directed towards collecting high-quality datasets and…

In enterprise settings, organizational data is segregated, siloed and carefully protected by elaborate access control frameworks. These access control structures can completely break down if an LLM fine-tuned on the siloed data serves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Bargav Jayaraman , Virendra J. Marathe , Hamid Mozaffari , William F. Shen , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for accessibility guidance, yet many disability groups remain underserved by their advice. To address this gap, we present taxonomy aligned benchmark1 of human validated, general purpose…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Deepika Dash , Yeshil Bangera , Mithil Bangera , Gouthami Vadithya , Srikant Panda

Modern automated accessibility testing tools for mobile applications have significantly improved the detection of interface violations, yet their impact on remediation remains limited. A key reason is that existing tools typically produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ryoya Koyama , Zhiyao Wang , Devi Karolita , Jialong Li , Kenji Tei

Course syllabi are often the first and sometimes only structured artifact that explains how a class will run: deadlines, grading rules, safety procedures, and how to request disability accommodations. For blind and low-vision (BLV) students…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chadani Acharya

The rising popularity of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about machine-generated text (MGT), particularly in academic settings, where issues like plagiarism and misinformation are prevalent. As a result, developing a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yule Liu , Zhiyuan Zhong , Yifan Liao , Zhen Sun , Jingyi Zheng , Jiaheng Wei , Qingyuan Gong , Fenghua Tong , Yang Chen , Yang Zhang , Xinlei He

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-judge) has revealed critical inconsistencies in current evaluation frameworks. We identify two fundamental types of inconsistencies: (1) Score-Comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yidong Wang , Yunze Song , Tingyuan Zhu , Xuanwang Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Hao Chen , Chiyu Song , Qiufeng Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities, elevating the critical importance of LLM safety. However, existing safety methods rely on ad-hoc taxonomy and lack a rigorous, systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Haochen Shi , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

Recent advancements in Document Layout Analysis through Large Language Models and Multimodal Models have significantly improved layout detection. However, despite these improvements, challenges remain in addressing critical structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Inbum Heo , Taewook Hwang , Jeesu Jung , Sangkeun Jung