Bridging the Interpretation Gap in Accessibility Testing: Empathetic and Legal-Aware Bug Report Generation via Large Language Models
Abstract
Modern automated accessibility testing tools for mobile applications have significantly improved the detection of interface violations, yet their impact on remediation remains limited. A key reason is that existing tools typically produce low-level, technical outputs that are difficult for non-specialist stakeholders, such as product managers and designers, to interpret in terms of real user harm and compliance risk. In this paper, we present \textsc{HEAR} (\underline{H}uman-c\underline{E}ntered \underline{A}ccessibility \underline{R}eporting), a framework that bridges this interpretation gap by transforming raw accessibility bug reports into empathetic, stakeholder-oriented narratives. Given the outputs of the existing accessibility testing tool, \textsc{HEAR} first reconstructs the UI context through semantic slicing and visual grounding, then dynamically injects disability-oriented personas matched to each violation type, and finally performs multi-layer reasoning to explain the physical barrier, functional blockage, and relevant legal or compliance concerns. We evaluate the framework on real-world accessibility issues collected from four popular Android applications and conduct a user study (N=12). The results show that \textsc{HEAR} generates factually grounded reports and substantially improves perceived empathy, urgency, persuasiveness, and awareness of legal risk compared with raw technical logs, while imposing little additional cognitive burden.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2603.23828,
title = {Bridging the Interpretation Gap in Accessibility Testing: Empathetic and Legal-Aware Bug Report Generation via Large Language Models},
author = {Ryoya Koyama and Zhiyao Wang and Devi Karolita and Jialong Li and Kenji Tei},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.23828},
year = {2026}
}